THE HALF-BEEED. 19 



sessions, in the lingua franca of the Archipelago, Malay, bvit in Portuguese.'" Where 

 the Tortuguese have imposed their language, it is only to be expected that they have 

 to some extent mingled their blood with that of the people who speak it. In Groa, 

 Hindostan, Macao, China, famous from its association with Camoens, and in the scat- 

 tered insular possessions of Portugal, as well as in other parts of the East, there is a 

 considerable population of Portuguese half-castes. Among the 0,000,000 of the Philip- 

 pines, Spanish mestizos are also numerous. In Manilla, the capital, they form a con- 

 siderable proportions of its population of 180,000. Of people of Dutch mixed with 

 native blood there must be a good many in the Dutch East Indies. The Grriquas of 

 South Africa form, however, the most interesting example of a Dutch half-breed commu- 

 nity. In Japan, there is also a population of partially Dutch descent. Intermarriage 

 between the ruling and the subject race in Hindostan, though not so frequent as it would 

 be in like circumstances, if any of the neo-Latiu races held the position of the English, is 

 by no means unknown, nor, where the social conditions are on a par, is there any degra- 

 dation attached to it. Ceylon furnishes many examples of mixed blood, the European 

 element being Dutch, Portuguese or English. The extent to which the East and West 

 have amalgamated west of the Arabian Sea, it is impossible to say, but, if the truth were 

 known, it would, perhaps, surprise the sticklers for Caucasian exclusiveness. Travellers 

 are constantly meeting with Europeans of almost every nation in out-of-the-way corners 

 of the world, where they have made themselves homes and taken them wives of the daugh- 

 ters of the land. When, in 1836, the late Charles Darwin and Capt. (now Admiral) Fitz-Roy 

 visited the Cocos-Keeling group in the Indian Ocean, they were si^rprised fo find that Mr. 

 J. C. Ross, with a familia of orientals, had taken up his abode in those lonely islets. Yet, 

 Mr. Ross himself had been no less surprised to discover that another adventurer, Mr. Alex- 

 ander Hare, had anticipated him. When Mr. H. 0. Forbes visited the islands in 1878, he 

 found Mr. Ross's grandson still in possession and quite happy in his self-imposed exile from 

 civilization. The inhabitants on the last occasion were found to be nearly all of mixed 

 blood, the proprietor himself having married a Cocos-born wife." 



If it would not tend to prolong this essay indefinitely, many more instances might be 

 recorded. There is hardly a portion of the East in which abundant evidence is not obtain- 

 able of the mixture of race already accomplished or now going on. The Malay Peninsula, 

 Burmah, Siam, Cochin-Chiua, Hong-Kong, the seaport cities of China and Japan, besides the 

 countries already mentioned or alluded to, furnish testimony to the fact, enough to satisfy 

 all who seek information on the sul)ject. The following picture of the racial variety to be 

 met with in an Eastern city shows, at least, what opportirnities exist for intermixture : 

 " The city is all ablaze with colour. I can hardly recall the pallid race which lives in our 

 dim, pale islands, and is costumed in our hideous clothes. Every costume from Arabia to 

 China, floats through the streets : robes of silk, satin, broadcloth, and muslin ; and 

 Parsees in spotless white, Jews and Arabs in dark, rich colours, — Klings (Natives of 

 Southern India) in crimson and white, Bombay merchants in turbans of large size, — 

 and crimson cummerbunds. Malays in red sarongs, Sikhs in pure white, their great 

 height rendered almost colossal by the classic arrangement of their draperies, and 

 Chinamen from the coolie, in his blue or brown cotton, to the wealthy merchant in his 



' A Naturalist's Waudenni;s in the Eastern Archipelago, pp. and 417. 

 2 Ibid., p. 17. 



