PACITLTY IN ABORIGINAL RACKS. 69 



et solide y a produit des oU'eis analogues. Les aucieus habitants de la Scandinavie et de 

 la Calédouie devaient s'en servir, si l'on en juge par la forme de leurs crânes."' 



FuU-sized representations of the Juniper Green skull, and others of the same type, are 

 given in " Crania Britannica,"- among which may be specially noted a small skull recov- 

 ered from a cist in the Phcenix Tark, Dublin, and now preserved in the Museum of Trinity 

 College. Mr. Thomas Bateman also, in his "Ten Year's Diggings in Celtic and 8axon G-rave- 

 hills," concurs with earlier writers in ascribing to the use of the cradle-board the flattened 

 occiput observed in skulls recovered from ancient British barrows. The employment, in- 

 deed, of the cradle-board among prehistoric races of Northern Europe, and their nomad life 

 of which it is so characteristic a feature, may now be considered as generally recognized. 

 The implements and pottery recovered from graves of the period show their constructors 

 to have been, for the most part, devoid of any knowledge of metals ; or, at best, in the mere 

 rudimentary stage of métallurgie arts. But the Juniper Green cist, that of the large 

 Stafrord.shire barrow of Wotton Hill, that of Roundway Hill, North Wilts, another of Green 

 Lowe, Derbyshire, and others described in the works above referred to, while all dis- 

 closing evidence of correspondence in habits and social condition between ancient races 

 of the British Isles and the Indians of the New World, also furnished characteristic 

 examples of their fictile ware ; and here the analogy fails. There are, indeed, abundant 

 specimens of broken Indian pottery, such as occur on many long-deserted village sites, 

 which might be mingled with the fragments of a like kind irom early European grave- 

 mounds without attracting special attention. Simple chevron and saltier or herring- 

 bone patterns, scratched with a pointed bone on the soft clay, are common to both ; 

 and many of the more elaborate linear and bead patterns of the primitive British potters 

 reappear with slight variation on the Indian ware. But besides these, few ancient Indian vil- 

 lage sites fail to yield fragments of pottery, including clay tobacco pipes, ornamented with 

 more or less rude imitations of the human face and of animals of most frequent occurrence, 

 such as the beaver, the bear, the lynx and the deer. Before my first visit to the Ameri- 

 can continent, while still preoccupied with the arts of the ancient British savage, and the 

 more graceful devices of the metallurgists of Europe's Bronze Period, I noted the prevalence 

 of an ornamentation, consisting mainly of improAements on what may be called the acci- 

 " dents of manufacture, or possibly of linear decorations borrowed from patterns of the 

 plaiter or knitter.' No attempt appears to have been made by the old European decora- 

 tor at such imitations of familiar natural objects, as are now known to have been practised 

 among the far more ancient cave-dwellers of Europe, the contemporaries of the mammoth 

 and the woolly rhinoceros, and which are familiar to us in the primitive arts of the New 

 World. Objects recovered from the mounds of the Ohio and the Mississippi valleys, as 

 well as the diversified products of the native artificers of Mexico and Peru, attract special 

 attention by their endless variety of imitative design ; and similar skill and ingenuity are 

 apparent in the pottery, the plaited manufactures, the stone and bone carvings, and even 

 in many of the great animal mounds and other earthworks, of the North American conti- 

 nent. An observant recognition of analogies, traceable in the rhetorical construction of 



' Essai sur les déformations artificielles du Crane, p. 74. 

 ■^ Crania Britannica, vi. PI. lô ■ xiv. PI. 12 ; xxxii. PI. 42. 

 ■' See Prehistoric Anna!» of Scotland, 2nd Ed., i. 495. 



