26 THOMAS STEBEY HUNT ON A NATUEAL SYSTEM IN 



English, with additions, by one afterwards famons in science, William Haidinger, who 

 declared in the preface to that translation, published in Edinburgh in 1825, that he had 

 been a student in mineralogy with Mohs since 1812. 



Previous to 1820, however, Mohs had visited Edinburgh, and had there aided Jame- 

 son, then preparing the third edition of his " System of Mineralogy," which appeared in 

 three volumes in Edinburgh in 1820. In his preface to this edition, Jameson gratefully 

 acknowledges his aid, and says that the arrangement adopted " is nearly that of my cele- 

 brated friend, Mohs, who now fills the mineralogical chair of the illustrious Werner." He 

 adds, '■ the mineral system, as it appears in this work, is to be considered as realizing those 

 views which Werner entertained in regard to the mode of arranging and determining- 

 minerals." This system, which was designated by Jameson, the Natural History Method, 

 is, according to him, " founded on what are popularly called external characters, and is 

 totally independent of any aid from chemistry." It was, moreover, in his opinion, the 

 only method " by which minerals would be scientifically arranged and rightly deter- 

 mined." ' 



§ 4. The system of Mohs at once found favour with naturalists and was adopted by 

 many (notably by his successor Breithaupt,) not, however, without certain modifications 

 as to the divisions, some of which may here be noticed in order to giA^e a general idea of the 

 plan of classification. In the order Spar, as defined by Mohs, were included, not only all 

 zeolites, scapolites and feldspars, with sodalite, nephelite and leucite, but petalite, spodu- 

 mene and cyanite, as well as pyroxene, amphibole, wollastonite and epidote ; the latter four 

 being made species of one genus, Augile-Spar. Again, in the order Gem of Mohs we 

 find garnet, idocrase and staurolite grouped together as species of the genus Garnet ; 

 chrysolite, axinite, emerald, tourmaline, topaz, andalusite and zircon, types of as many 

 genera ; together with the genus Quartz, including the species, iolite, quartz and opal. 

 Corundum, chrysoberyl and spinel are also united in one genus, and boracite and diamond 

 constitute other genera under this order. 



§ 5. In adopting the system of Mohs, Charles Upham Shepard subdivided the order 

 Spar, and established a new order. Zeolite, in which were included with the zeolites, 

 sodalite, nepheline and leucite ; the other genera in the order Spar of Mohs being left as 

 before. J. D. Dana, on the contrary, enlarged this order, renamed by him Chalcinea, 

 by adding to it a large part of the order Mica of Mohs, including all the true micas 

 then known. He, on the other hand, removed epidote from the alliance with pyroxene 

 made by Mohs, and placed it in its proper position with garnet and idocrase in the order 

 GrEM, called by Dana, Hyalinea. This, for the rest, embraced all the species which had 

 been therein included by Mohs, whom Dana followed by placing cyanite and fibrolite 

 with the Spars, while andalusite was arranged with the Gems. 



§ 6. Bearing in mind the changes just noted, we have to record that in 1835 the 

 classification and the nomenclature of Mohs, as translated into English by Haidinger, were 

 adopted by Shepard, in the first edition of his " Treatise on Mineralogy." In the second 



' For a further notice ofWerner's views of mineral classification, the reader is referred to the preface to Jame- 

 son's work, already cited, and also to Cleveland's Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology, in 1822, where, in Vol. i. 

 pp. 77 — 83, will be found an excellent analysis of Werner's mineralogical system as put forth by him at Freiberg 

 in 181G. 



