A KWAGIUTL GEAMMAE. 61 



language they themselves confound these letters. However, after the ear has growu 

 accustomed to their sound they are distinguishable. I once spelt bagwnnum, man, with a 

 p ; dunum, rope, with a t; and gimliimn, child, with a k. As a rule, the consonants pro- 

 nounced by Europeans p, t, k, are pronounced by the Indians b, d, g. 



T and D. — I have chosen ^ as a final consonant and d as an initial, e.g glâ\ituit g-Wk- 

 ivldagia ; Itlt makes lildagia. 



G always has the sound of g in the English word gig, and is generally followed by 

 a diphthong, e.g. giakmi ; giukio. 



H is an aspirate as in hi/îislt (rest) ; wlhw'i (all). In many words like lilhdô'kiv and 

 viidi'it, the /t. unites the syllable before it to the one following it, and sounds not unlike 

 h in hue. 



A' is of very frec[uent occurrence in Kwâgiutl. If occurring in Eomau character in 

 an Italic word, or in Italic in a Roman word, it is equivalent to ch in " Loch." If in 

 heavy type (k) is has the sharp clicking sound of the raven. 



Z is equal to ds. 



II. 

 PARTS OF SPEECK. 



There are eight parts of speech in the Kwagiutl language : — 



(1) Noun, as hwdkvnma, canoe; glos, tree ; gilil, cinnamon bear. 



(2) Adjective, as zntla, black ; iv'ilus, great ; n/tm, one. 



(3) Pronoun, as //in, I ; ni'is, mine ; Ink, him. 



(4) Verb, as dnkwilin, I see ; dfikioitlin, I am seen ; kitlilas, you are afraid. 



(5) Preposition, as ulkgH, behind ; /(7k, to ; nalnoilt/a, near to. 



(6) Adverb, as aull, truly ; u/'lk, nearly. 



(7) Conjunction, as glâ, and ; in-tn, but ; hlf, or ; kô-lks, because. 



(8) Interjection, as k.fmvi'i, how beautifiil ; aniln'i, an exclamation when hurt ; 



ô-ki(ix-aw('i, splendid. 



I.— NOUN. 



A Noun is the name of any person, place or thing, as Niigezl ; (a person's name, mean- 

 ing a great mountain) Zûrnaa, Victoria ; sltlum, snake ; egialazl, goodness. 



(1.) Number of Nouns. 



There are two numbers, the singular and plural. The singular denotes one object, 

 the plural more than one. The plural is formed either by reduplicating the first syllable 

 of the singular, or by a modified form of it. Thus — 



