A KWAGIUTL GEAMMAR. 77 



IV.— VERB. 



A verb is used, for the most part, to affirm some kind of action. Actions take place 

 under a great variety of circumstances ; particularly in reference to the time at which 

 they occur. Hence there is a great number of relations which we have to express by the 

 verb. For this reason in every lang'uage it has by far the greatest variety of inflexion of 

 all the different parts of speech. 



Voice. — If we consider an action on the one hand as expressing what anything does 

 or on the other hand as expressing what is done to it, we indicate these différencias by 

 the Active and Passive Voices, as : — 



Active. — I strike, mulûdin; 

 Passive. — I am struck, muhldlnuiiuD. 



Mood. — If we consider the mode or manner in which an action is done, we may 

 considin- it either as an actual reality, or as a possibility, or as a command. The expression 

 of these diflerent circumstances gives rise to what are called "moods" The Kwagiutl 

 verbs haA'^e four moods. 



(f.) Indicative Mood. — This simply aOirms or denies. He will go, /'7 k/7 ; he will 

 not go, k7s k/7 Id-kl. 



(2.) Subjunctive Mood.— Verbs in this mood form part of a dependent sentence and 

 are preceded by a conjunction, such as, " in order that," " that," " if" ; they are preceded 

 or followed by another verl) not in the subjunctive. 



Ex.^MTLES. 



Tliat I may believe it, knn ûkwisîk. 



I have come to hear you, Ihal I mini hrlicre il, giaimun liiiklîlfikl kun ûkwisîk. 



Tliat you may helieve me, kfis iilcwisa us gia/.:un. 



If 2 go there, kunklii Ifi Ifik. 



If I had gone there, o;il um liU's diii la Ifik. 



(3.) CONDITION.4L OR POTENTIAL MooD. — This implies the possibility of an action 

 under a certain condition, expressed by another verb in the subjunctive, as, I may go, 

 la mn lâkim. The signs of this mood are ink and /f7ks. 



ExAMl'LES. 



I may ejn i/ my father goea, la um l;l^-un, kû lu Warn fimpa. 



I might hare been hurt, l.i lA/.-s din yilkwû or \â liyis IfiA-siliu yilkwfi. 



If I had gone there, I might hare tieen injured, gil um Ifii-s din lu lâk, lu Ifii'S din yilkwfi lâk. 



He may dance, yikv/à lAA-. 



It may rain, yûgwâ là/;. 



It miglU liavc rained, yûgwâ IfiÂ'sdî. 



It looks like rain, yûgwfi hyis W:. 



It uill perhap.i rain, yûgwâ gianum klï. 



