78 ALFEED .7. HALL : 



Here we have the indicative with an adverb: — 



lean go (?/ Ihe poiKr to go nan dmied). La um lû/,un, 



1 can imprison you, wulfi Ifi/'un klukl. 



Do you know that I can imprison you.' kauklila zau masl/r gin wuH Ifi/,- giikla? 



Do you know that I hrire poorer to kill you ? kauklila zau nias-i/; gin tliln niasî Mil: gfikla V 



Note. — The syllabk zau expresses anger and impatience. 

 (4.) Imperative Mood. — This is vised when a command is expressed. 



Examples. 



Speak, yakuntalala- 



Speak to him, yâkuntâla lâk. 



Take it atmy, uJ-idagifikw or uJidfikw. 



Participles. — A participle is a part of the verb &nd receives its name from the fact 

 that it participates in the nature of the adjective and the nonn. înûi/l is the sign of the 

 Kwagiutl participle. Go, l'~i ; going, lô-un'yl. It is sometimes added to the negative 

 adverb instead of the verb. Thus, " for his not going home," would be ; " for his uot-ing 

 go home," kn Is 'izln'iyl hi nennkw. ïnâyl is often added to a noun and then it is equivalent 

 to " kind of," e.g.. Which child ? /?!'7s7 giivmum In'iyas ? 



Tenses — If we take into consideration the time at which an action is performed, 

 and express it, this gives rise to the employment of what are called " tenses," which help 

 us to point out any action as being either Present, Past or Future, as : I strike, muliidin or 

 muhyin; I struck, mulildikdiii ; I will strike, muhld-klin. Kd is the sign of the Past Indica- 

 tive, and ksft? of the Past Subjunctive and Conditional ; /./ is always the sign of the Future 

 {kl is also the termination of the personal pronoun, 2nd person singular). The Present 

 tense is often used for the Past if the action is recent, e.g., " he struck me to-day," muhldl 

 giakitn kin \iivn n'ilâ. Most tenses have two forms, the ordinary and the emphatic, e.g., 

 " I have been," hlkdiii ; but ii' this is denied or you wish to state the fact stronger, /« 

 mnkdin, " I did go," or, " but 1 have been." In the same manner, " I will go," IjI klin or la 

 um klin. 



Number and Person. — The numbers are two in every tense and mood, the Singular 

 and the Plural. Each number has three persons ; the 1st person is the person speaking; 

 the 2nd is the person spoken to ; and the 3rd is the person spoken of. The subjects 

 of verbs are nouns or pronouns. Most of the personal pronouns are affixed to the verb. 

 They sometimes both precede and follow the verb, but then they form separate words, 

 e.g., " that I may come to you," kiai gia\^l iTikl. 



