OCCURRENCE OF PIGMY IMPLEMENTS IN CEYLON. 55 
dimensions. In the course however of the last thirty years 
a@ number of spots have been discovered in widely separated 
lands where these implements occur, sometimes in very large 
numbers and in almost precisely similar forms and _ sizes. 
From a recent publication by the Lancashire and Cheshire 
Antiquarian Society I learn that pigmies have been discovered 
at ten places at least in the British Isles, at several in France 
and Belgium, in Southern Spain, in North and South Africa, 
and in two localities in India, namely, Banda District and 
the Vindhya Hills. I have also seen illustrations of them 
as occurring in Australia, and I have in my own collection 
about sixty specimens which were sent to me by a friend 
from Uganda. It is probable that, as the eyes of antiquaries 
grow more accustomed to these minute objects, they will be 
found all over the world, though possibly in stations widely 
separated from each other. As regards the localities where 
they occur, in Great Britain they are often discovered in 
sandy and desolate spots, but have also been found on high 
ground in Lancashire under ten feet of peat and on the sea- 
shore at Hastings in heaps of prehistoric refuse known as 
kitchen middens. In France and Belgium, besides being 
found on the surface, they have been brought to light in 
caves ; and by their position it has been proved that they 
belong to the end of the paleolithic or the beginning of the 
neolithic period. 
It must not however be too hastily assumed that all pigmy 
implements are to be assigned to the same date. They 
probably represent a stage of progress which most or all races 
passed through ; and it is almost self-evident that the more 
backward nations were living under paleolithic conditions for 
long periods after the more intelligent had attained to the 
neolithic stage ; and I would remind you that even to-day 
the Australian savage breaks up beer bottles and telegraph 
insulators to manufacture his primitive spear heads. 
Nor is it at all necessary to assume that pigmy implements 
imply a diminutive race. If ever we reach a complete under- 
standing of the uses to which these singular instruments were 
put, we shall probably find that they were capable of employ- 
ment by full-sized human beings. Lastly, it is unnecessary to 
