58 SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 
pigmies of all types and sizes have been found ; on the fourth 
none but large and massive specimens, usually lunate. The 
material of all the specimens but three was quartz, generally 
white or clouded for the larger, transparent for the smaller. 
The three exceptions were of chert, one lunate, one angular, 
(apparently an arrowhead), one pointed. Having collected 
several hundred specimens from the surface, I procured a 
“ mamoty ” and a quarter-inch sieve and proceeded to dig. 
After a few trials I found that the hill which I have named 
Church Hill was incomparably the richest. It is a ridge 
some 300 yards long, rising steeply on all sides, branching 
into several minor spurs, and separated from Bungalow Hill 
by a deep and narrow valley. The Doctors Sarasin examined 
this spot, illustrated it with a photograph, and alluded to the 
great quantity of neolithic remains on its surface ; but they 
unluckily overlooked the numerous pigmy specimens which 
abounded on it when I first examined it. I have found 
pigmies on all parts of its topmost ridge, but the only portion 
which yielded good results to digging was a level saddle 
between the two highest points running roughly from south- 
west to north-east. It is certain that a considerable manu- 
factory of pigmies existed here, although there is no material 
available near the spot ; and the whole remains were most 
fortunately covered with a capping of earth varying in thick- 
ness from an inch or two in the centre to six or eight inches 
a few yards away. Mr. E. J. Wayland, of the Mineralogical 
Survey, has kindly reported on this earth cap, and he informs 
me that without any doubt it is composed of the rocks decaying 
in situ, and has been deposited over the remains by the 
labours of worms, ants, and other insects. In the course of 
the months of April, 1913 and 1914, I excavated an area 
ninety-three feet long, with an average of about fifteen feet 
in width to a depth of six or eight inches, passed it all through 
the sieve and afterwards through my fingers. The work was 
extremely severe, but my gains were in proportion ; in 1913, 
with the invaluable assistance of two Tamil servants, I secured 
from all quarters 3,687 specimens ; in 1914, when the richest 
area had already been denuded, I had to be content with 
‘1,081. These figures constitute easily a world’s record in 
