278 SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 
the latter. Moreover, we know from observations that the 
same general statement holds good where we substitute the 
Wellawatta horse for #. leptostylus. But the Wellawatta 
horse cannot be placed in either of Hikoshichiro Matsumoto’s 
lines of intermediation ; for this very simplicity which allies 
it with line 2 separates it from line 1, while the long and 
comparatively large anterior inner column excludes it from 
both,* it obviously belongs to the group of “ Pleistocene 
horses,” as might be expected from the geological evidence. 
Geological evidence alone, however, would be incapable, 
in the present instance, of proving the teeth any more recent 
than Pliocene; for, while a strong presumption exists in 
favour of a Pleistocene date, the fact that the relics are younger 
than the implements of the plateau gravels cannot, while the 
antiquity of man is disputed, be held to preclude the possibility 
of a greater age. 
g ge.y V.—CoNCLUSION. 
The Wellawatta teeth, when considered in relation to the 
historical, geological, and palzontological evidence bearing 
upon them, must be taken to indicate the existence of horses 
in Ceylon during pre-historic days. The individual proclaimed 
by these relics exhibits the characters of a group of Pleistocene 
horses, while a number of features (simplicity of the crescents, 
narrowness of the anterior inner column, &c.) serve to 
distinguish it from the modern £. caballus. Whether it is 
sufficiently distinct from the present day horse on the one 
hand, or from, certain extinct species on the other, to entitle 
it to a specific name of its own, must be left to the decision of 
Naturalists who possess a more intimate knowledge of the 
paleontology of the horse, and are more fortunately placed 
with regard to recent literature than the present writer. 

* The quotient of “* length of pillar’ into ‘‘ length of tooth ” in the 
three cases is as follows :—A = 2°90, B = 2°37 nearly, C = 2°28 nearly. 
| Dr. Fritz Noetling, in a paper ‘‘ On the Occurrence of Chipped (?) 
Flints in the Upper Miocene of Burma” (Rec. Geol. Survey, India, 
Vol. XXVII., Part 3, 1894, pp. 101-103), records some flaked stones 
which have been recognized by some authorities as the handiwork of 
man. Since the publication of his paper, Dr. Noetling has found 
reason to regard the beds containing the supposed antefacts as older 
Pliocene ; and it may be noted that savants are not wanting who 
maintain that Pliocene man in Europe is a proved fact. Some contro- 
versial papers concerning Dr. Noetling’s discovery will be found in 
‘* Natural Science ”’ and elsewhere. 

