i8 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



Cyttarocylis brandti Kofoid and Campbell 



(Figure 39) 



Cyttarocylis brandti Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 111-112, 



fig. 215. 

 Cyttarocylis plagiostoma, Hofker, 1931, pp. 371-372, figs. 51-53. 



The aborally blunt lorica is acorn-shaped and 0.87 to 0.98 

 oral diameter in length. The oral margin is finely denticu- 

 late. The collar is a short basal segment of an inverted 

 truncated cone (90° to 100°) with a length of o.i oral 

 diameter. Its sides are slightly convex. The nuchal shelf 

 is a thin, upturned (50°) ridge at the throat. The bowl is 

 baggy and convex conical (about 35° at the upper end and 

 130° near the apex). The aboral end is blunt, barely pointed, 

 and usually undifferentiated. 



The wall has about 75 small polygons below the collar 

 and about 40 from throat to tip. The polygons are prevail- 

 ingly hexagons and a few large ones are scattered near the 

 upper end of the bowl. The bowl is thickest near the shelf, 

 being less than o.oi oral diameter, and has only a single 

 layer of more or less subuniform secondary prisms. The 

 lumen follows the outer contour save as the nuchal shelf 

 alters it. 



Length, 90 to i20|.i. 



The lorica figured (fig. 39) differs from the usual type in 

 the shape of the bowl, and also in having a tiny nipple. Its 

 nuchal shelf is almost horizontal. 



Cyttarocylis brandti resembles C. longa in being generally 

 more pointed, and in having a less baggy bowl. It is usually 

 longer than C. eucecryphalus, and that species has a flat 

 aboral end. The bowl of C. brandti is less conical than that 

 of C. cassis, and proportionately stouter. It is most likely to 

 be confused with longa. 



Hofker (1931) figures 2 loricae called Cyttarocylis plagi- 

 ostoma, but these appear to belong to the present species. 

 The general proportions, shape of collar, and aboral end are 

 the same, as is also the wall pattern. Hofker finds 18 mem- 

 branelles with no intercalary platelets, and records 80 macro- 

 nuclei. He suggests, probably correctly, that most of these 

 are zooxanthellae. Careful cytological investigation will prob- 

 ably show that most members of this genus are photosynthetic. 

 Recorded from thirty-seven stations, nine in the Atlantic 

 and twenty-eight in the Pacific, as follows: four (18, 19, 20, 

 21) in the Sargasso Sea, five (22, 23, 24, 25, 27) in the 

 Atlantic equatorial region, four (41, 42, 45, 75) in the 

 Galapagos region, four (54, 55, 65, 67) in the South Pacific 

 middle latitudes, three (84, 95, 96) in the region of South 

 Pacific island fields, four (loi, 140, 150, 151) in the North 

 Pacific trade region, three (115, 141, 145) in the North 

 Pacific middle latitudes, eight (131, 132, 135, 136, 146, 147, 



148, 149) in the California region, and two (153, 154) in 

 the Pacific equatorial region. 



There are 9 pump and 36 net samples, of which 11 were 

 taken at 50 meters and 34 at 100 meters. Maximum fre- 

 quency, 45 per cent at station 153; other records above mini- 

 mum (2 to 37 per cent) from stations 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27, 

 41, 45, 54, 55, 65, 67, 75, 115, 131, 136, 145, 146, 147, 148, 



149, 150, 151, 154; averages, i.o lorica in both Atlantic and 



Pacific pump samples, and 6.0 and 12.5 per cent in Atlantic 

 and Pacific net samples, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump sample 21^49, net samples 

 i4?6o-36?o2 (22?29); Pacific, i4?42-28?4i (20?04) and 

 i2?i2-28?74 (i8?75), respectively. Salinity: Atlantic, pump 

 sample 36.02, net samples 35-61-37.05 (36.26); Pacific, 33.40- 

 35.63 (34.80) and 33.36-36.42 (34.87), respectively. Density: 

 Atlantic, pump sample 25.15, net samples 23.98-26.64 (25.29); 

 Pacific, 22:75-24.88 (24.05) and 22.98-26.11 (24.91), respec- 

 tively. pH: Atlantic, pump sample 8.22, net samples 7.93- 

 8.25 (8.15); Pacific, 8.19-8.34 (8.29) and 7.91-8.39 (8.22), 

 respectively. 



Cyttarocylis cassis (Haeckel) Fol 



Cyttarocylis cassis, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 112, fig. 219; 

 Alzamora, 1929, p. 11, fig. 24; Hofker, 1932, p. 370, figs. 49, 



50- 

 Tintinntis sp., Lindeman, 1924, p. 889, fig. 10. 



The conical lorica, with widely flaring collar and pointed 

 aboral end, has a length of 1.43 oral diameters. The oral 

 margin is slightly ragged and there are minute teeth around 

 its edge. The short collar is a basal segment of an inverted 

 truncated cone (50°), and its length is about 0.08 total 

 length; it is well developed and flares widely. Its sides are 

 mildly convex. The lower edge is marked by an optically 

 dark line. The nuchal shelf is angular (90°) and horizontal, 

 and barely narrows the aperture between collar and bowl. 

 The full conical bowl changes from about 14° in the an- 

 terior three-fifths to 52° in the aboral section. There is a 

 tiny but distinctive nipple-like aboral peg at its free tip. The 

 bowl as a whole is decidedly convex. 



The wall is coarsely reticulated, with about 30 polygons 

 across the throat and about 36 from oral rim to tip. The 

 polygons are prevailingly rounded, and some are pentagons. 

 They are of various sizes, small ones beirjg scattered among 

 the larger. Those of the upper half, including the collar, are 

 larger than those of the lower part of the bowl near the 

 aboral end, where they are much smaller and more nearly 

 circular. The wall has a subuniform thickness of 0.03 oral 

 diameter, except at the nuchal shelf, where it is 0.05. Single 

 layers of polygons occur. The cavity of the lorica is altered 

 by the nuchal shelf. The aboral peg is solid. 



There are 18 to 20 macronuclei. 



Length, 170 to 2i5Ji. 



The Carnegie specimens hardly differ from the usual form 

 found in the Mediterranean. 



Cyttarocylis cassis differs from C. mucronata and C. obtusa 

 in having a convex-conical bowl instead of one narrowed 

 down to a pedicel-like aboral region. It lacks the aboral 

 flattening of C. conica. It is less elongated and more convex 

 conical than C. acutijormis; it is also stouter and shorter, and 

 has a terminal peg. Cyttarocylis magna is longer and more 

 slender and has a less distinct flaring collar. Cyttarocylis 

 cassis is long familiar, and recent records conform to type. 



Recorded from twenty-two stations, twelve in the Atlantic 

 and ten in the Pacific, as follows: one (2) in the Gulf 

 Stream, two (17, 18) in the Sargasso Sea, seven (22, 23, 24, 

 25, 27, 28, 29) in the Atlantic equatorial region, two (31, 32) 



