TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



23 



over, and comparatively thin. The long collar is subdivided 

 into a short anterior widely flaring funnel, and a longer sub- 

 cylindrical posterior section. The suboral funnel is an in- 

 verted truncate cone (28°). Its sides are full, although they 

 do not bulge, and the length is 0.17 total length, or about 

 0.52 oral diameter. The funnel includes the upper 4 turns 

 of the spiral lamina which forms the collar. The remaining 

 part of the collar is a truncated cone (about 7°). Its diam- 

 eter at the oral end where it joins the suboral funnel is 0.78 

 oral diameter, and its length is approximately 1.6 oral diam- 

 eters (0.6 total length). The diameter at the aboral end 

 where it joins with the bowl is a.92 oral diameter. The sides 

 are even, regular, not serrated or with anything more than 

 minor local bulges or contractions. Twelve turns of the spiral 

 lamina are included in this section of the collar; there are i 

 or 2 small oval fenestrae in the seventh turn of the lamina. 

 The bowl is globular, and in general is evenly rounded, but 

 a little suggestion of flattening is obscurely apparent at the 

 aboral end. The bowl reaches its greatest diameter a little 

 below its middle, where it is 1.35 oral diameters (0.44 total 

 length). The bowl is 1.22 oral diameters or 0.33 total length 

 in length. The aboral end lacks any special differentiation 

 other than slight flattening. 



The wall of the bowl is roughened by large, uneven-sized 

 blobs of tertiary alveoles, about 25 in number across one face. 

 Secondary prismatic structures occur between these blobs; 

 about 50 prisms, or more, are found across the middle of the 

 bowl. The wall of the collar is glassy-translucent, formed by 

 16 spiral turns, and under the highest powers of the micro- 

 scope faint primary prisms may be sometimes detected. The 

 small fenestrae that are included are about 0.17 oral diameter 

 in length, and the full width of the spiral turn across. The 

 edge of the spiral lamina is not thickened, nor does one turn 

 overlap the next; they simply join without special differentia- 

 tion. The wall of the bowl, in distinct contrast with that of 

 the collar, is dense and heavy. That of the collar is subuni- 

 formly about 0.0 1 oral diameter in thickness, whereas that of 

 the bowl reaches nearly o.i at the ec^uator. The junction of 

 collar and bowl is abrupt. 



Length, total 88ji, collar 5311; diameter, oral 33U, greatest 

 diameter of bowl 3811. 



Aside from usual dimensional and proportional variations, 

 Codonellopsis aleutiensis frequently has a less flaring suboral 

 region, a more or less cylindrical collar, a bowl proportion- 

 ately longer than wide, and the extraneous alveolar matter 

 replaced by a precise network of small secondary prisms. 



Codonellopsis aleutiensis is one of the medium-sized 

 species of the genus, and one of the few of northern distribu- 

 tion. It differs from the tropical C. ecaadata, and from close 

 relatives of that species, in the character of the bowl; in 

 ecaiidata the bowl is smooth, trim, and lacking in blobs of 

 excess prismatic matter. The bowl of aleutiensis is more 

 rotund and obscurely flattened instead of having a tendency 

 toward pointing. The general facies of the whole lorica is 

 quite different from that of C. erythrdensis, which species 

 also tends to have a flat-sided bowl. Codonellopsis americana 

 has a proportionately longer bowl and the collar and bowl 

 are subequal, whereas in aleutiensis the bowl is much less 



than half the length of the collar. Codonellopsis aleutiensis 

 differs from C. orientalis of the Japanese area in the rounded 

 instead of pointed bowl, distinctly longer collar, and more 

 slender build. Its collar has a greater number of spiral turns 

 and the suboral funnel is better developed. It is not at all 

 like C. fngida, or any of the tropical species related to C. 

 orthoceras. 



Recorded from ten stations in the Pacific, as follows: two 

 (117, 126) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, six (118, 

 119, 120, 121, 122, 123) in the East Asiatic marginal sea, and 

 two (124, 125) in the Alaskan secondary region. The distri- 

 bution of Codonellopsis aleutiensis is exceptionally compact. 



There are 17 pump and 12 net .samples, of which 7 were 

 taken at the surface, 12 at 50 meters, and 10 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 125 loricae at station 123; all other 

 records above minimum (2 to 100) except at station 126; 

 averages, 26.6 loricae and 22.5 per cent in pump and net 

 samples, respectively. 



Temperature: pump samples i?7i-8?33 (4?9i), net 

 samples 2?oi-8?93 (4?95). Salinity: pump samples 32.73- 

 33.72 (33.02), net samples 32.76-34.06 (33.21). Density: 

 pump samples 25.47-26.52 (26.09), net samples 22.52-26.76 

 (26.22). pH: pump samples 7.84-8.04 (7.95), net samples 

 7.68-8.03 (7.82). 



Type locality, station 120, at loo meters; latitude 47° 02' 

 north, longitude 166° 20' east. 



Codonellopsis americana Kofoid and Campbell 



Codonellopsis aiucncana Kofoid and Campbell, 1939, p. 75, fig. 

 159. 



The moderately tall lorica, with bowl and collar subequal, 

 slightly everted brim, cylindrical collar, rather elongated 

 rough bowl, and subrotund aboral end, has a length of 2.16 

 oral diameters. The oral margin is sharp-edged and has a 

 little trace of narrow brim. The cylindrical collar (0.41 total 

 length) has 8 spiral turns; of these the uppermost 3 are very 

 narrow, the middle 3 are twice as wide, and the last 2 are yet 

 wider. The fifth turn has a couple of faint oval fenestrae, 

 nearly the width of the turn. The diameter at the neck of 

 the collar is almost the same as the oral diameter; there is a 

 trace of lateral suboral contraction, and there is a slight 

 molding along the edges of each of the turns. The collar is 

 almost transparent. The dense, heavy bowl expands from 

 the neck to its greatest diameter of 1.54 oral diameters near 

 the equator. Below the equator it rapidly rounds off (82° 

 to 120°), and the aboral end is blunted. 



The wall of the bowl reaches, in places, a thickness of 0.13 

 oral diameter. Its blobby, rough surface prevents accurate 

 determination. The exterior has large, irregular masses of 

 heavy alveolar tertiary structure. 



Length, 76 to i i2[.i. 



The Carnegie loricae are shorter and stouter, and have 

 wider bowls and more pointed aboral ends than those from 

 the eastern tropical Pacific. 



Codonellopsis americana resembles C. indica (see Marshall, 

 19^4, p. 639) closely, but the aboral end is less pointed, the 

 collar has traces of eversion, and it is without a wide group 



