TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



31 



Temperature: Atlantic, net sample 36^02; Pacific, pump 

 samples ii'?48-i4?32 (lafgo), net samples 2i?69-22?37 

 ( 22?o3). Salinity: Pacific, pump samples 34.50-34.73 (34.61 ), 

 net samples 35.21-35.23 (35.22). Density: Pacific, pump 

 samples 25.75-26.50 (26.12), net samples 24.30-24.48 (24.39). 

 pH: Atlantic, net sample 8.18; Pacific, pump samples 7.76- 

 7.87 (7.81), net samples 8.12-8.13 (8.125). 



Codonellopsis turgescens Kofoid and Campbell 



Codoiiellopsis tiiigesccns Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 90, fig. 

 155- 



The short, neat lorica, with swollen cylindrical collar, 

 rather wide, distinctly oval bowl, and pointed aboral end, 

 has a length of 3.5 oral diameters. The thin oral rim is 

 sharp-edged. The collar flares (37°) within its upper one- 

 tenth, expands slowly and evenly, and reaches 1.17 oral 

 diameters near i.o oral diameter below the rim. This swollen 

 region occupies a band with a width of approximately 0.8 

 oral diameter. The diameter of the collar at the neck is 

 about 0.91 oral diameter. The collar itself has a length of 

 0.43 total length and there are 14 subuniform spiral turns. 

 The clean-cut bowl expands from the neck rapidly, reaching 

 1.43 oral diameters at 0.62 total length below the rim, and 

 rapidly contracts as an inverted full convex-conical (47° to 

 1 10°) section. The aboral end is barely pointed. 



The wall reaches nearly 0.09 oral diameter in thickness at 

 the equator of the dense, brown bowl, and rapidly thins 

 above and below. That of the collar is uniformly about 

 0.03 oral diameter. There are two or three layers of thin- 

 walled, hexagonal prisms in the bowl, enclosed by laminae. 

 In the hyaline collar there are very fine alveoles. A faint 

 tertiary mesh encloses irregular groups of secondary meshes 

 in the bowl. 



Length, 88 to loo^i. 



Codonellopsis turgescens resembles C. ecaudata, but differs 

 in having a swollen collar instead of a cylindrical one. From 

 C. robusta it differs in that the latter has a short, potlike 

 bowl as well as a different collar. Codonellopsis turgescens 

 may be distinguished from C. brasiliensis mainly by the 

 collar, which in brasiliensis is concave-cylindrical. The shape 

 of the aboral end is less distinctive in turgescens than in 

 robusta. 



Recorded from one station (46) in the Galapagos region, 

 in a net sample taken at the surface. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, 23?3o; salinity, 35.32; density, 24.11; pH, 8.16. 



Codonellopsis turgida Kofoid and Campbell 

 (Figure 9) 

 Codonellopsis turgida Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 90, fig. 167. 



The short, stout lorica, with short, wide collar, very plump, 

 rotund bowl, and strictly conical aboral horn, has a length of 

 1.75 oral diameters. The thin oral margin is sharp-edged. 

 The collar (0.63 total length) is an inverted truncated cone 

 (18°) with a lower diameter of 0.84 oral diameter; the full 

 sides lack even local modifications in contour. There are 12 

 subuniform, narrow spiral turns with dark edges and plane 

 sides. The bowl has a very low neck, the lower diameter of 

 which is only a little more than at the throat, and which is at 



0.66 total length from the rim. The bowl rapidly swells to 

 1.24 oral diameters at i.o oral diameter from the rim. Below 

 its equator the bowl decreases as a hemisphere in diameter. 

 The aboral horn (0.18 oral diameter in length) is conical 

 (45°), with a basal diameter of 1.33 its own length, and is 

 blunt at the free tip. 



The wall of the collar is only 0.02 oral diameter in thick- 

 ness, and that of the bowl is thicker (0.04). There are thin 

 laminae which in the collar enclose hyaline material, but 

 which in the bowl enclose two or three layers of hexagons. 

 The surface has uniform small circles of secondary prisms. 

 The contour of the dense bowl is irregular. The cavity of 

 the horn is cut off from that of the bowl by a continuation of 

 the inner lamina of the bowl. 



Length, ii2|.i. 



The Carnegie loricae are shorter (ii2(.l as against 143 to 

 1701.1) and wider and have more and narrower spiral turns 

 in the collar than do those figured elsewhere, and have no 

 suboral flare. 



The wide, swollen bowl and short horn at once set Codo- 

 nellopsis turgida apart from its near relatives, C. ptira and 

 C. parva. Its bowl is not so long as in C. minor, nor is the 

 horn so short as in C. californiensis. 



Recorded from five stations, two in the Atlantic and three 

 in the Pacific, as follows: two (23, 25) in the Atlantic equa- 

 torial region, one (77) in the Galapagos region, one (81) in 

 the region of South Pacific island fields, and one (99) in the 

 Pacific equatorial region. 



There are 5 net samples, of which i was taken at the 

 surface, i at 50 meters, and 3 at 100 meters. Maximum fre- 

 quency, 9 per cent at station 99; frequency, 4 per cent at 

 station 81; other records minimum; average in the Pacific, 

 4.6 per cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, i4?6o; Pacific, 22?72-27?84 

 (24?29). Salinity: Atlantic, 35.70-36.02 (35.86); Pacific, 

 35.04-36.04 (35.64). Density: Adantic, 26.62; Pacific, 22.50- 

 24.53 (23-53)- pH: Adantic, 7.93-8.18 (8.05); Pacific, 8.19- 

 8.22 (8.20). 



DICTYOCYSTIDAE Haeckel emended 

 Dictyocystidae, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 285. 



The family includes four genera: Luminella, Wangiella, 

 Dictyocysta, and Wailesia. Of these only Dictyocysta was 

 found in the Carnegie material. The other genera are 

 coastal, and Luminella and Wailesia are being newly estab- 

 lished by Kofoid and Campbell (1939, p. 284). Wangiella is 

 also rather recently established (D. Nie, 1934). The family 

 is allied to the Codonellidae but not closely, and to the 

 Codonellopsidae but perhaps more distantly. Dictyocysta is 

 eupelagic. 



DICTYOCYSTA Ehrenberg emended 



Dictyocysta, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 285. 



The extraordinary genus Dictyocysta is allied to Luminella, 

 a genus being established by Kofoid and Campbell (1939, 

 p. 284). Luminella is like Stcnosemella save that the collar 

 has demilunes. Closer, perhaps, is Wangiella, with W. dicol- 



