TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



41 



those of the mid-section more than the others. The wall is 

 rather thick, 0.06 oral diameter in places. There are thin 

 laminae with one layer of distinct radial rectangular prisms. 

 The wall is rather pallid. 



Length, 153^1. 



The Ciirnegic lorica differs from that of Kofoid and 

 Campbell in that the spiral turns are right- rather than left- 

 turning; this is not due to error in drawing the reverse side. 

 Perhaps, as in some snails, right-wound forms of normally 

 left-turning shells may occur in Tintinnoina. 



Coxlidla pseudanuulata differs from all the common 

 species of that genus in the shape of the aboral end. From 

 C. tnlyptra it differs in the lack of pores or lacunae. How- 

 ever, ciilyptra is more likely one of the Nassellaria and not a 

 tintinnid. CoxUella pelagica lacks the contracted aboral horn 

 and median wide bulging turns, otherwise the two are 

 much alike. CoxUella declivis has a narrower horn and 

 fewer spiral turns. CoxUella lacmiosa, too, has a narrow 

 horn, and posterior lacunae. 



Recorded from one station (10) in the Atlantic drift, in a 

 net sample taken at 50 meters. Frequency, i per cent. 



Temperature, 9?86; salinity, 34.94; density, 27.96; pH, 

 8.04. 



CLIMACOCYLIS Jorgensen 



Clinnicocylis, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 92. 



Chmacocylis, with its flaccid walls, open aboral end, and 

 distinctive form, is evidently specially adapted to life in the 

 warm seas where it is common. The genus is probably 

 derived from CoxUella. 



Climacocylis is frequent in the warm waters near the 

 equator in both the .'\tlantic and the Pacific, and does not 

 venture far from this region to the north and south. 



Three species are described here, and one new variety is 

 named. 



Climacocylis scalaria (Brandt) Jorgensen 



Chmacocylis scalaria, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 93, fig. 

 155; Marshall, 1934, p. 640. 



In its usual form the lorica consists of a long tube with a 

 spiral shelf and an expanded, flaring skirt; in length it is 6.9 

 to lo.o oral diameters. The oral margin is entire and thin. 

 The long tubular section occupies about 0.59 the total 

 length, and on its upper two-thirds are 3 to 13 wide, plate- 

 like, left-turning spiral shelves. These shelves increase 

 gradually in diameter from oral to aboral end, ranging from 

 1. 1 8 to 1.92 oral diameters. The shelves occupy the middles 

 of wide spiral turns which number the same as the spiral 

 shelves, and which are unequal in width, the widest, at the 

 lower end, being 1.2 oral diameters. The shelves sometimes, 

 although not always, are connected by a jelly-like substance 

 recalling the outer sac of Brandtiella palUata. The lower- 

 most third of the tube is free of spiral turns and shelves, and 

 retains the same diameter as the oral end. At its aboral end 

 the squarish, widely flaring, flounced skirt arises. This skirt 

 has a length of about 2 oral diameters and is about as wide 

 as long. Its lower edges are incoherent and ragged. The 



aboral end is wide open; in life it may be saccular and closed 

 off, but it is easily torn by the plankton net. 



The wall is coarsely alveolar, with very large, subuniform 

 hexagons faintly visible in the soft, flaccid, and almost trans- 

 parent wall. There is but a single layer of prisms except in 

 the spiral shelves, which have three to seven layers. The 

 wall is subuniformly o.oi oral diameter in thickness. Ad- 

 herent coccoliths, diatoms, and debris are not uncommonly 

 attached to the surface, sometimes extensively. The lumen 

 does not enter into the solid shelves. 



Length, 246 to 3441-1. 



This peculiarly tropical species is exceedingly variable in 

 almost every character. One of the loricae from station 21 

 had a shape like a bottle with a wide, long neck. The whole 

 was spiraled and the shelves were not developed. The aboral 

 end was introverted. 



Climacocylis scalaria suggests C. scalaroidcs, but is longer, 

 with hooplike skirt and wide, platelike shelves. A similar 

 spiral shelf occurs on Xystonella scandens, but that species is 

 altogether different; similar habits may have called forth 

 \ irtually identical structures in distant genera. 



Recorded from forty-six stations, thirteen in the Atlantic 

 and thirty-three in the Pacific, as follows: two (2, 16) in the 

 Ciulf Stream, five (17, 18, 19, 20, 21) in the Sargasso Sea, 

 tour (22, 26, 27, 28) in the Atlantic equatorial region, two 

 (31, 34) in the Caribbean Sea, ten {40, 45, 46, 68, 69, 71, 73, 

 77, 78, 80) in the Galapagos region, one (54) in the South 

 Pacific middle latitudes, nine (82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 95, 157, 

 158, 159) in the region of South Pacific island fields, two 

 (99, 152) in the Pacific equatorial region, six (100, 109, iio- 

 III, 140, 150, 151) in the North Pacific trade region, three 

 (112, 113, 145) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, and 

 two (147, 149) in the California region. Climacocylis scalaria 

 avoids the Atlantic drift. North Sea, American cold-water 

 region. East Asiatic marginal sea, and Alaskan secondary 

 region. All these are regions of cool water. Its preference 

 for the warmer waters is also reflected in the temperature 

 records. 



There are 17 pump and 49 net samples, of which 17 were 

 taken at the surface, 26 at 50 meters, and 23 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 64 per cent at station 73 at the surface; 

 other records above minimum (2 to 51 per cent) from sta- 

 tions 2, 16. 17, 18, 19, 21, 34, 45, 46, 54, 71, 73, 77, 80, 82, 

 84, 85, 99, 109, iio-iii, 112, 113, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 

 157, 159. Thus, at thirty stations (45 per cent) this species 

 was one of the commoner Tintinnoina. It reached its max- 

 ima in the upper 50 meters, but did reach 2 per cent at 100 

 meters at station 54. Averages, 7.0 and 6.3 loricae in Atlantic 

 and Pacific pump samples, and 3.2 and 8.7 per cent in At- 

 lantic and Pacific net samples, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump samples i8?40-26?i9(23?89), 

 net samples i7?5o-26?57 (22?63); Pacific, i4?93-27?46 

 (23?64) and i5?33-28?74 (23?7i), respectively. Salinity: 

 Atlantic, pump samples 36.08-37.15 (36.45), net samples 

 36.24-37.15 (36.61); Pacific. 33.68-36.49 (35.30) and 34.02- 

 36.92 (35.67), respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump samples 

 23.g5-26.01 (24.77), "^' samples 23.84-26.07 (25.16); Pacific, 

 21.60-25.98 (23.93) ^"'J 22.31-25.83 (23.92), respectively. 



