TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



43 



far south as Patagonia. Most of the species are well known 

 in northern Europe, and even to the north of Russia. Rarely 

 do species of this genus go far to sea, nearly all being within 

 coastal waters. 



One species is described here. 



Helicostomella longa (Brandt) Jorgenscn 



HflicostomeUa longa, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 106, fig. 

 206. 



The small, short, rather plump lorica, with slightly 

 swollen bowl and very short aboral spine, has a length of 

 2.24 oral diameters. The erect oral margin is formed by the 

 uppermost of the whorls that form the collar. The collar is 

 a spiral lamina of 4 whorls; its length is about 0.22 total 

 length, and the laminae are subequal in width. A fine, dark 

 line separates the turns one from another, and no overlap is 

 developed. The turns are laterally slightly concave. The 

 conical bowl is about i.i oral diameters in its greatest 

 diameter, which is reached near the middle. The lower part 

 narrows down (66°), and becomes more conical (90°) 

 nearer the tip. The aboral horn is about 0.2 oral diameter 

 in length, narrow conical (15°), and distally pointed. 



The wall is finely alveolar, with tiny secondary Fai'ella- 

 like he.xagons. Collar and bowl are alike in this respect. 

 The wall is subuniformly 0.04 oral diameter in thickness, 

 with thin laminae, and has rectangular prisms in a single 

 layer. The lumen follows the contour exactly. 



Length, 50 to 80(^1. 



Helicostomella longa belies its name, being much the 

 shortest and plumpest member of the genus. Its collar has 

 fewer spiral turns than that of any other species, its bowl is 

 much the widest, and its horn is the shortest. It bears some 

 likeness to the antarctic Laac/(manniella navicuUjera, but 

 the bowl is pointed instead of open and lacks adherent 

 diatoms, and the collar has fewer turns. 



Recorded from one station (130) in the California region, 

 in a net sample taken at 100 meters. Frequency, 42 per cent. 



Temperature, 8?96; salinity, 33.72; density, 26.14; pH, 

 8.06. 



FAVELLIDAE Kofoid and Campbell emended 



Faveilineae, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 116. 



In this family are included four genera, namely, Poroecus, 

 Favella, Protocymatocylis, and Cymatocylis. Only the first 

 two occur in the material of this expedition, the latter two 

 being antarctic. Poroecus is tropical, and Favella usually 

 coastal. 



POROECUS Cleve emended 



Poroecus, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 116-117. 



Poroecus is evidently the simplest member of the Favel- 

 lidae. Its thimble shape without much form differentiation, 

 entire to irregular oral margin, and wall structure are indi- 

 cations of this fact. The genus is possibly related to Tin- 

 tinnopsis. 



Poroecus is uncommon in the tropical sea, where cocco- 

 liths are abundant. 



One species is described here. 



Poroecus apicatus Kofoid and Campbell 

 Poroecus apicatus Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 118, fig. 223. 



The small lorica, with subcylindrical upper and conical 

 lower bowl, has a length of 2.0 oral diameters. The oral 

 margin is irregularly ragged and not differentiated. The 

 bowl is cylindrical in the anterior half and is convex conical 

 (55 ) in the posterior section. The aboral end is broadly 

 rounded. 



The wall is thin and alveolar, and in each alveole there is 

 a coccolith that completely fills it. 



Length, 56[X. 



Poroecus apicatus is the shortest species of the genus. In 

 the lack of aboral horn it differs from all others save P. 

 brandti. From this species it differs in its shortness and con- 

 tracted lower bowl. In brandti the aboral end is hemispher- 

 ical and the lorica is more than twice as bulky, being 2.5 

 oral diameters and up to 275^1 in length. 



Recorded from one station (71) in the Galapagos region, 

 in a pump sample taken at 50 meters. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, i8?85; salinity, 35.09; density, 25.86; pH, 

 7.83. 



FAVELLA Jorgensen emended 

 Favella, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 147. 



Favella agrees with Poroecus in having laminae, and in 

 similar wall structure and, in the simple species, similar 

 form. Favella is more advanced in having better finish, 

 larger size, and more highly developed form, and is also 

 related to Cymatocylis and Protocymatocylis. These last 

 two genera are exclusively antarctic in distribution, occurring 

 under the ice in the marginal region of the Antarctic Con- 

 tinent, of? Kaiser William II Land, where they are probably 

 semineritic. No members of either of these genera are 

 recorded in the Humboldt Current, Cape Horn Current, or 

 Antarctic Current. The relation of these two genera to 

 Favella is clear both in form and in wall structure. Para- 

 javella is not related to any of these, but to the Xystonellidae. 



Favella is almost exclusively found in neritic waters or in 

 water of coastal origin, where there are many local species. 

 A few species occur far out to sea, but these are generally 

 very different from coastal forms. As a whole, it is most 

 common in temperate water, but it does extend in range 

 from northern waters beyond Iceland to southward of Aus- 

 tralia. Some species cling to the coasts of tropical lands. 



Five species are described here, of which two are new. 



Favella adriatica (Imhof) Jorgensen emended Kofoid 

 and Campbell 



Favella adriatica, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 149-150, fig. 

 277. 



The rather short, stout lorica, with narrow oral cuff, cup- 

 shaped bowl, and stout, conical aboral horn, has a length of 

 1.78 oral diameters. The oral margin is entire and a trifle 



