10 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



than is typical, and have occasional tertiary wall structure. 



Codonella elongata differs from its close relative C. galea 

 in the more elongated bowl and more nearly pointed aboral 

 end. The collar is less convex than that of C. aspera, as well 

 as more regularly contoured and more pointed distally. The 

 bowl is not so broad as that of C. tropica, and the collar is 

 not swollen as in the longer C. diomedae. 



Recorded from ten stations, seven in the Atlantic and three 

 in the Pacific, as follows: four (17, 18, 19, 20) in the Sar- 

 gasso Sea, three (22, 23, 24) in the Atlantic equatorial region, 

 one (68) in the Galapagos region, one (115) in the North 

 Pacific middle latitudes, and one (131) in the California 

 region. 



There are 4 pump and 15 net samples, of which i was 

 taken at the surface, 8 at 50 meters, and 10 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 25 per cent at station 115; other records 

 above minimum (2 to 12 per cent) from stations 18, 19, 20, 

 22, 24, 131; average in Pacific net samples, 10 per cent; other 

 averages, 1.2 to 3.6 per cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pumpsamples20?32-25?72(23?39), 

 net samples i4?6o-26?63 (2o?3o); Pacific, net samples 

 I2?i2-i6?56 (i4?84). Salinity: Atlantic, pump samples 

 36.60-37.15 (36.79), net samples 35.61-38.60 (36.11); Pacific, 

 net samples 33.36-34.85 (34.27). Density: Adantic, pump 

 samples 24.34-26.07 (25.22), net samples 24.35-26.62 (25.45); 

 Pacific, net samples 25.31-25.52 (25.39). pH: Adantic, 

 pump samples 8.21-8.27 (8.24), net samples 7.93-8.34 (8.18); 

 Pacific, net samples 8.10-8.24 (S-'s)- 



Codonella galea Haeckel 



(Figures 14, 17) 



Codonella galea, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 60, fig. 106; 



Hofker (part), 1931, pp. 352-354, fig. 27 (see also C. aspera). 



Not Petalotricha galea, Haeckel, 1899, pi. 3, fig. 6 (see C. aspera). 



The moderately tall lorica, with funnel-like collar, gently 

 constricted throat, ovate bowl, and broadly rounded aboral 

 end, has a length of 1.41 to 1.57 oral diameters. The thin, 

 smooth oral margin is sharp-edged. The collar is an in- 

 verted funnel (25° to 43°), sometimes with convex sides, 

 and with a length of 0.32 to 0.38 oral diameter. The diam- 

 eter at the neck is 0.80 to 0.88 oral diameter. The rather 

 short, rotund bowl expands evenly from the throat, reaches 

 a little over i.o oral diameter at its middle, and then evenly 

 rounds off to the broadly rounded to somewhat flattened 

 aboral end. 



The thin wall averages 0.05 oral diameter at the equator 

 of the bowl and thins to half as much in the collar. Only a 

 single layer of rectangular prisms occurs (rarely two). The 

 surface has large polygons with rare larger circular ones 

 which enclose several of the smaller. The lorica figured 

 (fig. 14) has a large alveolar blob on the bowl. The collar 

 is hyaline and the bowl dense. 



A conical closing apparatus and sac enclose the whole 

 body. There are 8 macronuclei, about 12 to 18 mem- 

 branelles, and a powerful ciliary membrane. 



Length, 78 to i20[,i. 



Like many other widely distributed species, Codonella 



galea varies in most characters, as a survey of the literature 

 clearly shows. For this reason several names have been 

 applied to galea (for summary see Kofoid and Campbell, 

 1929). Most of Hofker's (1931) material belongs to C. 

 aspera, but his figure 27 is of galea. 



Codonella galea differs from C. natio7ialis in being taller, 

 with a less stout bowl and a more flaring collar. Other re- 

 lated species, e.g. C. elongata, tropica, cuspidata, robusta, and 

 aspera, differ mainly in the shape of the aboral region or 

 have different collars. 



Recorded from thirty-three stations, twelve in the Atlantic 

 and twenty-one in the Pacific, as follows: two (14, 16) in the 

 Gulf Stream, three (18, 19, 20) in the Sargasso Sea, six (22, 

 23, 25, 26, 27, 28) in the Atlantic equatorial region, one (33) 

 in the Caribbean Sea, six (40, 45, 46, 71, 77, 78) in the 

 Galapagos region, two (54, 65) in the South Pacific middle 

 latitudes, two (82, 85) in the region of South Pacific island 

 fields, three (100, 140, 151) in the North Pacific trade region, 

 five (130, 135, 137, 147, 148) in the California region, two 

 (142, 145) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, and one 

 ( 153) in the Pacific equatorial region. 



There are 21 pump and 27 net samples, of which 5 were 

 taken at the surface, 21 at 50 meters, and 22 at 100 meters. 

 This species appears to be subsurface by preference. Maxi- 

 mum frequency, 6 per cent at stations 137, 147; other 

 records above minimum (2 to 5 per cent) from stations 14, 

 16, 18, 23, 25, 26, 45, 46, 54, 77, 130, 145, 148, 151, 153; 

 average in Pacific net samples, 3.3 per cent; other averages, 

 1.6 to 2.2 per cent. 



Temperature : Atlantic, pump samples 1 4 ? 95-24 ? 1 ( 20? 2 1 ) , 

 net samples i4?6o-26?04 (2i?68); Pacific, i6?96-27?62 

 (23? 17) and i2?9i-24?84 (20?59), respectively. Salinity: 

 Atlantic, pump samples 35.10-36.81 (36.01), net samples 

 35.70-38.18 (36.33); Pacific, 33.70-36.46 (35.34) and 33.40- 

 36.04 (34.92), respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump samples 

 24.49-26.08 (25.44), "^t samples 23.98-26.62 (25.30); Pacific, 

 22.31-25.14 (24.56) and 23.50-25.37 (24.52), respectively. 

 pH: Atlantic, pump samples 8.18-8.22 (8.21), net samples 

 7.93-8.27 (8.19); Pacific, 8:10-8.34 (8-22) and 8.12-8.34 

 (8.22), respectively. 



Codonella grahami, new species 



(Plate I, figure 6) 



The lorica is moderately elongated, and pointed. It has a 

 length of 2.06 oral diameters. The oral rim is smooth and 

 slightly rounded. The collar is the basal segment of an in- 

 verted truncated cone (27°); its length is 0.52 oral diameter, 

 and the diameter at the aboral end, which forms the con- 

 stricted neck, is 0.87 oral diameter. The sides of the collar 

 are regular and smooth and there is litde, if any, median 

 bulge. The bowl as a whole is elongated, and olive-like in 

 shape. Its suboral part, which joins with the neck, is a 

 rounded segment of a cone (about 45°), and the basal sec- 

 tion is the level of the greatest diameter of the bowl, 1.13 

 oral diameters, reached near 0.45 total length from the rim. 

 The lower part of the bowl is an inverted cone (53°) with 

 full, curved sides. The aboral end is pointed but not pro- 



