TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



CODONELLA Haeckel emended 

 Codonclla, Kofoid and Campbell, 19:19, pp. 51-5-- 



No fresh-water Tintinnoina were recorded in the material 

 of this expedition, although 2 samples were taken in Lake 

 Vehire at Tahiti. In these samples there were diatoms, small 

 annulates, rotifers, and abundant statoblasts of the bryozoan 

 Plumatclla sp. Codonella crateia might have been expected; 

 the lack of fresh-water Tintinnoina in mid-Pacific oceanic 

 island lakes is interesting. Nearly every large body of fresh 

 water on the continents has some of these ciliates. Codonella 

 rarely enters coastal waters, being mainly confined to the 

 warm oceans. No species are found in the Antarctic, and 

 only a few in cooler northern seas. 



Fifteen species are described, of which one is new. 



Codonella acerca Jorgensen 

 Codoiulla acerca, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 52, fig. 113. 



The short lorica, with funnel-like collar, rotund bowl, and 

 pointed aboral end, has a length of nearly 1.56 oral diameters. 

 The oral margin is thin-edged and entire. The collar is a 

 segment of an inverted, slightly expanded cone (20°) with 

 a length of 0.5 oral diameter, and a diameter at the lower 

 end of 0.81 oral diameter. Its sides are strictly plane. The 

 plump bowl reaches its greatest diameter, 1.12 oral diam- 

 eters, at i.o oral diameter below the rim. The lower bowl 

 gradually contracts, reaching i.o oral diameter at 1.31 oral 

 diameters below the rim, and then rather more suddenly 

 becomes a wide inverted convex cone (110°) with an un- 

 modified, not prolonged point. 



The wall is thin, being hardly 0.02 oral diameter in thick- 

 ness in the bowl. There are feeble laminae with long, rec- 

 tangular secondary prisms in but one layer. There is a weak 

 internal ledge. The exterior surface has unequal, round to 

 polygonal meshes. The large polygons are best formed in 

 the upper bowl. 



Length, 64 to 721^1. 



Codonella acerca differs from C. nationalis chiefly in the 

 pointed rather than rounded aboral region. 



Recorded from one station (18) in the Sargasso Sea, in a 

 net sample taken at 100 meters. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, 20?32; salinity, 36.81; density, 26.06; pH, 

 8.21. 



Codonella acuta Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonclla acuta Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 52, fig. 104. 



The fairly tall lorica, with funnel-like collar, broadly ovate 

 bowl, and acutely pointed aboral end, has a length of 1.57 

 oral diameters. The entire, thin-edged oral rim has a hyaline 

 band with a width of less than o.i oral diameter. The in- 

 verted, funnel-shaped (20°) collar, the length of which is 

 0.25 total length, reaches a diameter of 0.83 oral diameter at 

 the neck; sometimes there is a short sigmoid curve in the 

 wall just above its junction with the bowl. The rather 

 plump bowl expands from the throat and reaches 1.08 oral 

 diameters at 0.53 total length from the rim. Below this level 

 the bowl contracts with full, convex sides to the simple, 

 obtusely angular (105°) aboral end. 



The wall reaches a thickness of 0.06 oral diameter across 



the bowl and is much thinner in the collar. There is some- 

 times a double layer of large, rectangular secondary prisms. 

 The outer surface has very thick-walled, rounded secondary 

 polygons in the upper half and larger ones below. Usually 

 these polygons enclose circular coccoliths and rhabdoliths. 



Length, 80 to 1 051.1. 



The coccolith-bearing habit is well developed in this 

 species, although some loricae apparently lack them. The 

 length is variable, owing, no doubt, to temperature relations. 



Codonella acuta has a more deeply constricted throat than 

 C. galea, as well as a pointed aboral end. There is no pro- 

 jecting point as in C. cuspidata or tropica. It is not so tall 

 nor so trim as C. elongata, and its bowl is much wider; the 

 aboral end is acute rather than narrowly rounded. 



Recorded from sixteen stations in the Pacific, as follows: 

 three (45, 46, 71) in the Galapagos region, seven (81, 90, 

 96, 98, 158, 159, 160) in the region of South Pacific island 

 fields, four (loi, 104, 138, 140) in the North Pacific trade 

 region, one (131) in the California region, and one (145) in 

 the North Pacific middle latitudes. 



There are 11 pump and 10 net samples, of which 4 were 

 taken at the surface, 8 at 50 meters, and 9 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 28 per cent at station 159 at 50 meters; 

 other records above minimum (2 to 5 per cent) from stations 

 81, 131, 140, 159, 160; average in net samples, 6.8 per cent. 



Temperature: pump samples i6?58-28?5o (24?86), net 

 samples i2?i2-27';9o (23?42). Salinity: pump samples 

 34.18-35.82 (35.18), net samples 33.30-35.89 (35.31). Den- 

 sity: pump samples 22.62-25.36 (23.44), "^^^ samples 22.08- 

 25.31 (23.67). pH: pump samples 7.96-8.34 (8.21), net 

 samples 8.12-8.39 (8.27). 



Codonella amphorella Biedermann 

 (Figure 11) 



Codonella amphorella, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 53, fig. 

 132- 



The short, plump lorica, with convex collar, egg-shaped 

 bowl, and short aboral horn, has a length of 1.8 oral diam- 

 eters. The oral margin is smooth-edged and thin-lipped. 

 The swollen collar has a length of 0.36 oral diameter, and a 

 greatest diameter of 1.12 oral diameters just a little above its 

 middle. The throat attains 0.96 oral diameter. There is an 

 angular (82°), rather narrow internal ledge which reduces 

 the aperture between collar and bowl to 0.84 oral diameter. 

 The egg-shaped bowl reaches its greatest diameter of 1.13 

 oral diameters near 1.0 oral diameter below the rim, the wall 

 rounding off from the collar convexly to that level. The 

 lower bowl is full and convex, and is 0.68 oral diameter in 

 length; the lateral wall tends toward flattening. The short 

 aboral horn, of about 0.32 oral diameter, is conical (25°) and 

 blunt at its free tip. 



The wall is thin, hardly exceeding 0.04 oral diameter in 

 the ledge and elsewhere much thinner. There is a single 

 layer of large, elongated, subrectangular secondary prisms, 

 including the ledge, where most species have several layers. 

 The surface has a distal aggregate of large round fenestrae 

 and otherwise is provided with rather small, crowded, in- 

 terpolated subcircular areas. Coccoliths and rhabdoliths are 



