TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



77 



Salinity: Atlantic, pump sample 32.68, net sample 33.40; 

 Pacific, 33.72 and 33.06-34.22 (33-83), respectively. Density: 

 Atlantic, pump sample 24.94, ^^^ sample 26.90; Pacific, 26.24 

 and 24.99-26.41 (25.75), respectively. pH: Atlantic, not 

 recorded; Pacific, pump sample 8.21, net samples 7.98-8.26 

 (8.12). The data for this species, as for others taken from 

 intermediate stations, are incomplete. 



Parafavella dilatata (jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell 

 I'arafai'eUa dilatata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 163-164, 

 fig- 315- 



The tall, narrow, bell-shaped lorica, with long bowl and 

 short horn, has a length of 2.94 oral diameters. The thin 

 oral margin has approximately 60 subequidistant, subequi- 

 lateral, triangular teeth, which invariably turn inward. The 

 contracted conical section of the bowl (12°) has a length of 

 0.7 total length, and its diameter at the lower end is 0.53 

 oral diameter. This section contracts to 0.7 oral diameter at 

 0.4 total length from the rim. The aboral region of the 

 bowl is conve.x conical (52°) and has a length of nearly 0.17 

 total length. The aboral horn is a narrow, pointed, barely 

 bulging cone (7°) with a length of almost 0.14 total length. 



The wall is subuniformly 0-05 oral diameter in thickness, 

 with little trace of laminae but with well developed large, 

 rectangular radial prisms in a single layer. The outer mesh 

 is made up of uniformly rather small hexagons, except that 

 the horn is glassy. The lumen follows the outer contour and 

 continues to the tip of the closed horn. 



Length, 247 to 3901.1. 



This single lorica resembles Brandt's rather more than it 

 does the one figured by Jorgensen. 



Parajavella dilatata differs from P. siibrotiindata in having 

 a more clearly defined campanulate bowl, and it also has sub- 

 median contraction; this last character serves to distinguish 

 dilatata from all other species. If it is only a distorted (con- 

 tracted) P. cylindrica, as Kofoid and Campbell suggested, 

 then dilatata, cylindrica, and stibrotundata are possibly only 

 extremes of one variable species, the name of which would 

 have to be subrotundata by plate precedence. 



Recorded from one station (6-7) in the North Sea, in a 

 net sample taken at the surface. Frequency, minimum- 

 No physical data accompany this and other collections be- 

 tween the regular series stations. 



Parafavella edentata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell 



Parafavella edentata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 164, fig. 

 296. 



The rather short, campanulate lorica lacks oral teeth but 

 has a relatively long aboral horn. Its length is 2.2 oral diam- 

 eters. The oral margin is the simple, unmodified upper edge 

 of the bowl. The bowl is virtually a cylinder in the upper 

 two-thirds, with a little suboral flare in some loricae and 

 slight local inflation and contraction in others, and with the 

 diameter at the lower end of the cylinder 0.83 to i.oo oral 

 diameter. The aboral section is about 0.75 oral diameter in 

 length; it is a plane-to-concave cone (55°). The aboral horn 

 is 0.5 oral diameter in length, narrow conical (8°), and 

 sharply pointed. 



The wall is nearly 0.04 oral diameter in thickness, more 

 or less subuniformly. There are exceedingly thin laminae, 

 between which is a single layer of radial prisms. The outer 

 surface has a distinct hexagonal meshwork of small suboral 

 prisms and larger median ones, and is entirely devoid of 

 prisms in the greater part of the horn. The horn is hollow. 



Length, 80 to 1501.1. 



There is marked diversity in length and proportions and 

 also in the relative length of the bowl, which varies from 

 short to long. 



Parajavella edentata resembles P. subedentata, but is 

 usually relatively stouter and more widely campanulate, and 

 has a more gradual transition between bowl and horn. The 

 remaining edentulous species, P. digitalis, P. inflata, and P. 

 ctirvata, lack aboral horns entirely or else have only points, 

 have long cylindrical bowls, and are longer. Parafavella 

 denticulata resembles edentata, but always has strong teeth; 

 however, edentata is not an edentate form of that species. 



Recorded from one station (7) in the North Sea, in a net 

 sample taken at the surface. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, 8?92; salinity, 35.21; density, 27.31; pH, 

 8.08. 



Parafavella gigantea (Brandt) emended Kofoid 

 and Campbell 

 (Figures 52, 53) 



Parafavella gigantea, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 165, fig. 

 311; Hada, 1932a, pp. 51-52, fig. 16; 1932^1, p. 565. 



The large, tall, generally cylindrical lorica, with narrow, 

 contracted conical aboral region and very narrow, pointed 

 aboral horn of moderate length, has a length of 5.9 to 6.9 

 oral diameters. The oral margin has approximately 46 

 equidistant, narrow triangular, outward-flaring (45°) teeth, 

 nearly o.i oral diameter in length. The long bowl is cylin- 

 drical to barely tapering (least diameter 0.77 oral diameter 

 near 0.7 total length), and is without local modification in 

 contour. The lower, shorter, slightly convex conical (40° to 

 45°) part has a length of barely i.o oral diameter. The 

 aboral horn is narrow conical (5° to 16°), pointed at the 

 free tip, and sometimes as much as 1.17 oral diameters in 

 length. 



The wall is slightly thickened suborally but averages 0.06 

 oral diameter. It has very distinct rectangular radial prisms, 

 and the surface meshwork is of uniform small hexagons in 

 well developed pattern save in the horn. 



Length, 337 to 576^1. 



The Carnegie loricae lack contraction in the bowl, being 

 either directly cylindrical or tapering, and are much more 

 like that figured by Kofoid and Campbell than that figured 

 by Hada. 



Parafavella gigantea is longer than P. denticulata and has 

 a longer horn, but not so long as that of P. promissa, which 

 species is also shorter. Parafavella gigantea differs also from 

 P. cylindrica in horn, the latter having only a short stub. 

 Parajavella acuta is shorter and has an acuminate aboral end. 

 The bowl of P. gigantea is longer than that of P. elegans, 

 which species is shorter. It differs from P. robusla in its 

 more slender contour and in being longer. 



