TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



"3 



finest prisms. The lumen is constricted in the throat, and 

 the fins are solid; the aboral end is always closed. 



There are 2 macronuclei. 



Length, 93 to 941.1. 



Marshall (1934) figures a lorica assigned to Amphoiella 

 minor much like that of the original figure. Kofoid and 

 Campbell ( 1929) figure another from the California Current 

 which is rather intermediate between the. former and the 

 Carnegie specimens. The sum total of figures indicates con- 

 siderable variability. The fact should not be overlooked 

 that dwarfed A. quadrdineata may occur, and that these 

 might be confused with minor on account of their dimen- 

 sions. 



.ImphoriUa minor is much shorter than other species 

 which have the same general form. It bears some likeness 

 to ./. amphora in having a low collar and in fins, but is 

 always shorter and typically has a biconvex bowl. The shape 

 of the bowl, and the lower collar and longer fins distinguish 

 it from A. quadrilineata. The general shape and character 

 of the fins serve to mark it of? from A. laacl^maniii. 



Recorded from twenty-five stations, seven in the Atlantic 

 and eighteen in the Pacific, as follows: one (3) in the At- 

 lantic drift, one (16) in the Gulf Stream, three ( 18, 20, 21) 

 in the Sargasso Sea, two (23, 30) in the Atlantic equatorial 

 region, three (42, 45, 69) in the Galapagos region, one (65) 

 in the South Pacific middle latitudes, three (95, 96, 97) in 

 the region of South Pacific island fields, two (99, 152) in the 

 Pacific equatorial region, three (100, 109, 140) in the North 

 Pacific trade region, two (iii, 117) in the North Pacific 

 middle latitudes, and four (134, 136. 146, 149) in the Cali- 

 fornia region. 



There are 20 pump and 11 net samples, of which 10 were 

 taken at the surface, 8 at 50 meters, and 13 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 8 per cent at station 42; other records 

 above minimum (2 to 3 per cent) from stations 3, 30, 96, 97, 

 99, 134, 152; averages, i.o and 1.4 loricae in Atlantic and 

 Pacific pump samples, and 2.7 and 2.8 per cent in .Atlantic 

 and Pacific net samples, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump samples i9?62-25?92(22?7o), 

 net samples i4?66-27?88 (22?i6); Pacific, i5?03-29?30 

 (24?64) and 8?93-2i'i'r3 (i5?07), respectively. Salinity: 

 Adantic, pump samples 35.90-36.80 (36.31), net samples 

 36.16-36.73 (36.45); Pacific, 34.06-35.24 (34.79) and 34.30- 

 35.63 (34.98), respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump samples 

 23.95-26.01 (25.11), net samples 23.26-26.81 (25.11); 

 Pacific, 22.14-25.09 (23.37) and 24.60-26.50 (25.86), respec- 

 tively. pH: Atlantic, pump samples 8.17-8.24 (8.20), net 

 samples 8.14-8.32 (8.22); Pacific, 8.10-8.37 (8.23) and 7.76- 

 8.12 (8.05), respectively. 



Amphorclla quadrilineata (Claparede and Lachmann) Daday 



(Figures iir, T13) 



Amplwrclhi qiuuln/incatu. Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 311. 

 fig. 587; Hofker. 1931. pp. 3S4-385. fig. So; Marshall, IQ?4. 



P- 654, fig- 35- 

 Amphorclla brarulti, Hada, 1932Z', pp. 569-570, fig. 23. 



The elongated, tubular lorica, with widely flaring collar 

 and broad, more or less angular, truncated aboral end with 



4 fins, has a length of 2.63 to 3.43 oral diameters. The oral 

 margin is thin and entire. The flaring collar, with usually 

 concave sides, is a truncated, inverted basal segment of a 

 cone (45° to 84°) with a length of 0.27 to 0.37 oral diam- 

 eter and with a diameter at its lower end of 0.56 to 0.75 oral 

 diameter. The bowl increases in diameter regularly and 

 evenly to a diameter of 0.66 to i.oo oral diameter at about 

 2 oral diameters below the rim. This upper section of the 

 bowl is, thus, a truncated cone (7°) with plane or barely 

 convex sides; sometimes the sides arc plane on one side and 

 convex on the other. The aboral section of the bowl is more 

 or less angular and its length is 0.87 to 1.45 oral diameters. 

 It contracts at 10° in the upper half and at 60° to 87° in the 

 aboral part. The aboral end itself is truncated concave. 

 There are 4 long fins which reach up on the bowl as far as 

 0.75 total length, or rarely higher. 



The wall is thickest in the neck, where, in the Amphorella- 

 like thickening, it reaches 0.095 oral diameter. Below and 

 above, the wall is less than half as thick, and in the aboral 

 region it is reduced to a membrane; this latter region is not 

 infrequently crushed and distorted as a result of its extreme 

 thinness. The wall is glassy or grayish, without trace of 

 either primary or secondary prisms. There are, however, 

 thin laminae between which is homogeneous matter. 



There are 8 large, oval macronuclei, arranged in a spiral 

 line drawn through the length of the animal, and 2 or more 

 micronuclei. The frontal field is tipped at a pronounced 

 angle to the axis of the body. There are 18 membranelles, 

 and the body has 8 rows of vertical ciliary lines. 



Length, 109 to 145H. 



Hofker's generalized (1931) sketch is, perhaps, intended 

 only to show the characters of the nuclei. Marshall (1934) 

 figures a lorica 2.83 oral diameters in length which has a 

 wider neck and narrower funnel than the loricae of this 

 collection; its fins are short, being only 1.5 oral diameters in 

 length. Hada (1932/?) figures another lorica 2.82 oral diam- 

 eters in length, with long fins and narrow neck; its throat is 

 also narrow and the laminae are thick. The Carnegie loricae 

 vary among themselves in length, proportions, shape of collar 

 and bowl, and length of fins. Two rather extreme indi- 

 viduals are figured (figs, in, 113) from this collection. 



Hada ( 1932^) figures his lorica as A. brandti, but it ap- 

 pears best to register it as quadrilineata, with which it agrees 

 in form, size, and proportions. 



Amphorella quadrilineata is separated with some difficulty 

 from .•/. amphora. Its fins are usually longer, and the collar 

 is longer and more funnel-like instead of being a simple low 

 flare. The bowl is not narrowed down near the middle and 

 there is greater thickening in the throat. It is distinguished 

 from A. minor by its larger size and more tubular bowl. It 

 is not likely to be confused with other species of Amphorella. 

 The presence of 4 fins is a rather uncertain diagnostic char- 

 acter and not always easy to determine. 



Recorded from thirty-three stations, fourteen in the At- 

 lantic and nineteen in the Pacific, as follows: three (2, 15, 

 16) in the Gulf Stream, two (3, 4) in the Atlantic drift, 

 three (18, 20, 21) in the Sargasso Sea, three (22, 23, 27) in 

 the Atlantic equatorial region, three (31, 33, 34) in the 



