ii8 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



like collar has a length of 0.23 to 0.3a oral diameter. The 

 upper half is a basal segment of an inverted truncated cone 

 (as much as 58°). The diameter of the lower end of this 

 section is about 0.8 oral diameter, and the sides are plane. 

 The lower half of the collar is a somewhat convex-sided 

 basal segment of a cone (reaching to 78°). The long, am- 

 phora-shaped bowl begins at once below the collar and 

 narrows down below it to the minimum diameter of 0.8 oral 

 diameter at i.oo to 1.32 oral diameters below the oral rim. 

 The bowl swells below the level of least diameter and in- 

 creases evenly and gradually until it is 1.04 to 1.20 oral diam- 

 eters at 2.30 to 2.71 oral diameters below the oral rim. The 

 upper bowl is thus narrow-waisted and concavely contoured. 

 The aboral section of the bowl is convex conical (50°). The 

 aboral end has 3 narrow, linelike fins as much as 2.0 oral 

 diameters in length, and a purselike character is given this 

 region by their arrangement. The aboral end is concavely 

 truncated. The whole lorica save the oral opening is en- 

 closed in a jelly-like outer lorica or sac which is 1.6 oral 

 diameters in diameter across the middle. The sac extends 

 out from the oral margin with plane sides, and reaches its 

 greatest diameter at the lower end of the spool-like collar. 

 This diameter it more or less retains until it reaches the level 

 of the greatest diameter of the bowl, then it narrows and 

 blends into the truncated aboral end. The sac is beset with 

 minute circular bodies which are irregularly scattered in its 

 substance. These are possibly coccoliths. 



The wall is exceedingly thin, and hyaline with slight 

 greenish cast; there are distinct inner and outer laminae. 

 The cavity follows the contour of the outer surface and 

 enters into the angles of the collar and aboral region. 

 The animal has 2 macronuclei. 

 Length, 156 to 203(1. 



The Carnegie loricae differ in length and proportions 

 from those recorded elsewhere. 



Brandtiella palliata is so unlike other Tintinnoina that 

 there is little opportunity to compare it with others. Rarely 

 is there an outer sac in other species save as in Petalotricha 

 entzi and in one or two Rhahdonella; in these instances it is 

 strictly confined to the suboral region. The inner lorica re- 

 sembles that of Amphordla quadrilineata , especially the 

 bowl, but the collars are utterly different. This species ap- 

 pears to be without close relatives in the suborder. 



Recorded from sixteen stations, five in the Atlantic and 

 eleven in the Pacific, as follows: one (20) in the Sargasso 

 Sea, four (22, 23, 25, 30) in the Ariantic equatorial region, 

 two (83, 98) in the region of South Pacific island fields, four 

 (102, 103, 109, 151) in the North Pacific trade region, one 

 (113) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, three (136, 148, 

 149) in the California region, and one (153) in the Pacific 

 equatorial region. 



There are 9 pump and 11 net samples, of which 10 each 

 were taken at 50 and 100 meters. The absence of this species 

 at the surface is significant. Maximum frequency, 4 per cent 

 at stations 113, 153; all other records minimum; averages, i.o 

 and 1.5 loricae in Atlantic and Pacific pump samples, and 

 1.0 and 3.3 per cent in Atlantic and Pacific net samples, 

 respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, net samples i4?6o-24?44 (19': 01), 

 pump samples 25?72-27'i'88 (26?8o); Pacific, i8?28-2i':74 

 (i9?88) and i8?28-27?46 (23?87), respectively. Salinity: 

 Adantic, net samples 35-70-36.73 (36.15), pump samples 

 36.08-36.60 (36.34); Pacific, 34.42-35.02 (34.78) and 34.42- 

 36.49 (35.14), respectively. Density: Atlantic, net samples 

 24.42-26.62 (25.60), pump samples 23.26-24.34 (23.80); 

 Pacific, 24.06-25.18 (24.75) and 22.97-24.77 (23.76), respec- 

 tively. pH: Atlantic, net samples 7.93-8.21 (8.09), pump 

 samples 8.26-8.30 (8.28); Pacific, 8.12-8.39 (8.26) and 8.i6- 

 8.28 (8.23), respectively. 



Salpingellinae Kofoid and Campbell 



Tintinnineae Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 327. 

 Salpingellinae Kofoid and Campbell, 1939, pp. 314-317. 



This subfamily includes Daturella, Epicranella, Epirhab- 

 dosella, Eutintinniis, Rhabdosella, Salpingacantha, Sal- 

 pingella, and Salpingelloides. Two of these are new genera. 



EUTINTINNUS Kofoid and Campbell 



Eutintinniis Kofoid and Campbell, 1939, pp. 358-363. 



The tubular loricae of this genus have long been known 

 under the familiar name Tintinnus. There are, however, a 

 number of reasons why the name Tintinnus cannot be used 

 for these species. These have been treated by Kofoid and 

 Campbell (1939). 



Eutintinniis is widely distributed. Most of the species are 

 tropical and are often by far the most abundant of all Tin- 

 tinnoina in the plankton. In most cases they are few in 

 actual numbers but distinctly the most widely spread over 

 great areas. A few species are limited to small regions of the 

 ocean. Most of the tropical species cling to currents origi- 

 nating near the equator, and are spread north and south by 

 them. In the north there are a few species limited to that 

 region, but none is found in the Antarctic. 



Twenty-one species are described here, of which one is 

 new. 



Eutintinnus apertus Kofoid and Campbell 



Tintinnus apertus Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 331, fig. 648; 

 Marshall, 1934, p. 659. 



The short lorica, with strong brim, tapering upper shaft, 

 subcylindrical lower section, and rimless contracted aboral 

 end, has a length of 3.12 oral diameters. The strong, hori- 

 zontal brim surrounds the oral margin. The upper shaft 

 flares (56°) concavely within o.i oral diameter below the 

 rim, then tapers (15°) evenly for 0.67 total length; its diam- 

 eter at the lower end is 0.76 oral diameter. Below this level 

 it becomes inverted, truncated convex conical (33°) for a 

 short distance (0.15 total length), and the diameter of this 

 section at the lower end is only 0.5 oral diameter. The 

 lowest section of the shaft is a cylinder which continues, 

 with a diameter of 0.5 oral diameter, for a length of 0.85 oral 

 diameter. The open aboral end is rimless. 



The exceedingly thin wall is hyaline. Attached Chac- 

 toceros occur, one or two of these diatom cells being fastened 

 on the side of the lorica. 



Length, 89 to io8^i. 



