CHAPTER II 



" The lower animals keep all their limbs at home in their own 

 bodies, but many of man's are loose, and lie about detached J''' 



— Samuel Butler. 



" We shall see that the human intellect feels at home among in- 

 animate objects, more especially among solids, where our action finds 

 its fulcrum, and our industry its tools.'*'' — Henei Bergson. 



§ 1. Tool and limb the same. — § 2. Closer analysis of § 1. — § 3. Still 



gi closer analysis of § 1. — §4. Evolution extra-corporeal in man. — 



'. : § 6. Tool and intelligence knit up together. — § 6. Evolution of 



warfare, industry and the chase. — § 7. Warfare. — § 8. Industry. — 



§ 9. Extension of body followed by extension of mind. 



§ 1 



THE essential difference between man and the 

 other animals is often stated to consist in the 

 fact that man uses tools whilst the non- 

 hnman animal does not. But I think that the 

 difierence between the two can be stated more 

 accurately. The difference consists rather in the 

 fact that the tools used by the wild animal are 

 formed by the modification of its limbs, whilst the 

 tools used by man are made by him out of wood, 

 stone, or metal, or such other solid or tough things 

 as he can find or make. This statement minimises 

 the difference between the limb and the tool. I 

 have called them both tools. Butler, in the sentence 

 which stands at the head of this chapter, calls them 

 both limbs. ^ It does not matter what names we 



1 " Erewhon," A. C. Fifield, 1908, p. 270. * 



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