An Introduction to a Biology 



as when tliey climb an ice-cliff for the excitement 

 of it and then come down again. 



Again, if the reader were to object that invention 

 is not an essentially human attribute, I should be 

 inclined to agree with him. If he argued that a 

 bird's nest was as ingenious an invention as an 

 Indian's wigwam, or an eggshell made out of lime 

 as a pot made out of clay, I would not disagree. 

 For my belief is not so much that the intelligence 

 of man differs from that of the other animals in 

 kind, but rather that it differs from it in range. 

 Both stream outwards ; that of the animal a little 

 way to a few things, that of man a long way to 

 many things. 



But whatever may have been the relation be- 

 tween, on the one hand, the origins of industry, 

 warfare, and the chase, these three, and, on the 

 other, the springs of human action, it is probable 

 that the early course of each of the three, receiving, 

 as it did, contributions from all of the springs, 

 would be very largely determined by, and would 

 in its turn to a great extent determine those of the 

 other two ; as, indeed, would be inevitable in the 

 case of three currents flowing in the same channel. 



This degree of community in the origins of in- 

 dustry, warfare, and the chase must in the early 

 days have found its expression in the manufacture, 

 where possible, of a tool which would be equally 

 useful in the provision of food, in tribal aggression 

 and defence, and in the peaceful arts. The rudest 

 flint implement was probably as much weapon as 

 tool. When the working of flint was in its infancy 



and the manufacture of tools was slow, the man, 



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