32 

 foundered due to crew problems. The most famous cases are those 

 of Sea Freeze Atlantic and Sea Freeze Pacific, two U.S. built 

 factory ships that went out of business due to incibility to or- 

 ganize crews, but the Russian and Polish offshore fleet has had 

 many problems as well (Banaszkiewicz , 1964). 



Social Ties. In many areas, not everyone is allowed to 

 go fishing. The norms regulating entry into fisheries vary 

 somewhat from area to area and from fishery to fishery. In the 

 f'.aine lobster industry, for example, a person needs to become 

 socially accepted as a member of a "harbor gang," and after he 

 has gained membership, he can go fishing in that harbor's tradi- 

 tional territory (Acheson, 1972b; 1975a; 1975b; 1976; 1977). In 

 southern New England, the social factors influencing recruitment 

 into the fishing industry are very different, although kinship 

 plays a key role here as well (Poggie and Gersuny, 1974). On 

 the whole, the right to go fishing appears to be connected to 

 membership in certain kinds of "communities", which in turn, is 

 apparently affected by adherence to a large number of community 

 values and accepted institutions. Among the most important fac- 

 tors are church membership, membership in certain voluntary 

 organizations, family ties and history, a value placed on income 

 equity, choice of residence, etc. In studying this aspect of 

 social ties, men who were admitted to the fishing industry and 

 those who were not should be compared. All of these factors will 

 probably play a role in developing a viable offshore fishing 

 business, and they therefore need to be understood in detail. 



