related to Pacific Coast Salmon and many freshwater species, such as trout 



and bass. Unfortunately, many marine species have not been reared under j 



hatchery conditions although some attempts have been made. 



3) Development of new stocks. Utilizing standard breeding and genetic 

 selection techniques, new stocks which have desirable traits, may be developed ! 

 and introduced into marine waters or into confined waters for aquaculture 

 purposes . i 



4) Habitat management and environmental quality. Some species spend a 

 portion of their life cycle m estuaries, rivers, or near shore environments. 

 Poor water quality will have a detrimental effect on the sijze of the stock 

 either through a marked increase in mortality or sublethal effects such as 

 stunted growth. Programs of pollution abatement will assist in stock enhancement. 



Some attempts at habitat manipulation may increase the availability of a suitable I 



I 

 habitat for a species, such as artificial reefs or an increase in the level of j 



nutrients by artificial upwelling. These nutrients stimulate the growth of 



phytoplankton, resulting in an enlarged food web base. 



5) Aquaculture (mariculture) . Animal husbandry of marine organisms has 

 been extensively tried within the three mile Idmit (2) ; however, open sea 

 mariculture experimentation is now underway (3) . Typically aquacultural 

 techniques are used with organisms that are confined to a specific area for 

 harvesting as opposed to nursery programs where organisms are usually released 

 to natural bodies of water. 



With the continuing pressure for increased sources of protein and with | 



the establishment of a 200 mile fishing zone by the United States Government, 



i 

 the need is apparent for the development and application of stock enhancem^ent j 



I 



i 

 techniques (4) . | 



