beacon and the effectiveness with which it is operated. For operation 

 with beacon-equipped targets, microwave radar, over-the-horizon radar, 

 and acoustic techniques exhibit (in that order) the greatest classifica- 

 tion potential. 



Some examination was made of probable costs of implementing sur- 

 veillance functions using various techniques. However, estimates of the 

 cost of individual components of possible enforcement systems have very 

 little meaning until a specific enforcement scheme and level of enforce- 

 ment are specified. This is especially true when a component may have 

 multiple uses; that is, when a component might be used to support search 

 and rescue operations or pollution control activities as well as fishing 

 zone enforcement, because it becomes impossible to determine how the 

 component cost should be allocated among the missions supported. In 

 certain case's, a technique may already be implemented in a military 

 system and information useful for fishing zone enforcement may be avail- 

 able at purely nominal cost. Therefore, while Table 2 gives some cost 

 data useful for comparing techniques, it was not possible to establish 

 costs for different techniques with respect to comparable measures of 

 performance. Accordingly, caution should be exercised in drawing con- 

 clusions on the basis of these cost data. 



Some techniques have potential for functions unrelated to detection 

 or classification of fishing activity but they nevertheless may be use- 

 ful in overall enforcement planning or execution. Microwave radiometry, 

 for example, has only limited detection capability, contrasted with 

 radar, optical, or acoustic sensing, and has almost no potential for 

 direct classification. However, radiometric methods have potential 

 usefulness for sensing sea state, sea ice, and precipitation rates in 

 situations in which few other usable techniques are known. These capa- 

 bilities could conceivably warrant consideration of microwave radiometers 

 in a fishing zone enforcement system despite their limited potential for 



