FAMILY CERATOCORYACEAE 



43 



dance may be below 100 meters, since in the Carnegie 

 observations its frequency of occurrence increased with 

 depth to that level. The species was found within the 

 geographic range of C. horrida , except in the southeast- 

 ern Pacific, where there were two stations (stations 62 

 and 65) outside that range. The correlation of its dis- 

 tribution with water of temperatures above 19° was clos- 

 er than in the case of C. horrida . Nowhere was C. aul - 

 tii found where the surface water had a temperature less 

 than 19° C. It can live in water of low nutrient content. 

 There are eight records of its occurrence in water con- 

 taining less than 10 mg PO^/m^. Type locality: Car - 

 negie station 57. 



Ceratocorys bipes (Cleve) Kofoid 

 (Figure 57) 



Ceratocorys bipes Kofoid, 1910, p. 183. Dangeard, 



1927c, pT3l3, fig. 9a. 

 Goniodoma (?) bipes Cleve, 1903, p. 371, fig. 2a-d. 

 Ceratocorys (?) asymmetrica Karsten, 1907, p. 419, pi. 



47, fig. 9a-d. 



Dimensions . Length of body (1^) 83 (80-88) microns. 

 Diameter (d) 73 (70-77) microns. Six specimens were 

 measured. 



Shape . Body longer than broad. The J/d ratio is 

 1.13 (1.04-1.24). Girdle placed well forward; ends dis- 

 placed about 0.5 girdle width. Epitheca low dome- 

 shaped. The e/i ratio is 0.28 (0.24-0.34). Hypotheca 

 irregular in shape; roughly squarish in lateral aspect 

 but subcuneate in ventral aspect. The angle (8 24° (17°- 

 28°). At antapex there are two bulbous swellings, one 

 dorsal and one ventral. Each is terminated by a long, 

 prominent spine, directed ventrally, giving the species 

 its characteristic appearance. Dorsal bulb medially sit- 

 uated and involves parts of po4, po5, and antl (fig. 57E). 

 Ventral lobe somewhat to the left of median line. It in- 

 volves posterior parts of the left side of sulcus and of 

 pi, as well as part of po3 and antl. Right side of sulcus 

 not involved in this lobe, so that the right ventral con- 

 tour of the body in right lateral view approximates the 

 typical Ceratocorys shape (fig. 57C). 



Body wall . Thecal surface covered throughout with 

 circular pits except on parts of sulcus. Pores could not 

 be demonstrated in pits. Ventral epithecal pore incon- 

 spicuous. 



Plate pattern . Second anterior intercalary narrow 

 and almost hidden between list ridges bordering it. 

 Ridge between as and ra rises to touch right edge of pol, 

 so that flagellar pore is completely arched over in its 

 middle. Left sulcal plate short, so that right sulcal 

 plate touches flagellar pore. 



Lists . Girdle lists relatively short, about 1 girdle 

 width wide; strengthened by stout spines running out as 

 continuations of body wall, almost or entirely to outer 

 edges. These ribs are continuous with partitioning lists 

 or ridges on girdle plates. Surface of girdle may con- 

 sist of two rows of small chambers or, more often, of 

 one row of deep chambers with prominent partitioning 

 lists (fig. 57A). Sulcal lists and ventral body list are 

 quite wide (fig. 57C, D, F) and supported by several 

 ribs. Main body sutures usually evidenced by thick 

 ridges or wide bands of undifferentiated heavy thecal 

 material, the latter probably representing growth zones. 



Spines . Dorsal and ventral spines absent. Antapi- 

 cal spines two; they occur at dorsal and ventral corners 



of antapical plate, and appear as long, sharp spines, as 

 much as 4 girdle widths long. They are simple but 

 formed on the same principle as those of C. horrida 

 (p. 33). Ventral component of ventral antapical spine 

 usually continuous with left sulcal list. 



Reproduction . Fission probably is typical of the ge- 

 nus although no recently divided forms were found. 



Variation . This species is very constant as to size, 

 shape of body, and number of spines. One specimen was 

 found (fig. 57C), however, in which each antapical spine 

 was represented by two short spinelets. 



Historical . This species was first described by 

 Cleve (1903) as Goniodoma (?) bipes. Later Karsten 

 (1907) hesitatingly placed it in the genus Ceratocorys , 

 species asymmetrica . Kofoid (1910) placed it definitely 

 in its proper genus. 



Distribution . Ceratocorys bipes is a rare tropical 

 species seldom reported. It was recorded once from 

 the Red Sea and Arabian Seas (Cleve, 1903), once from 

 the Indian Ocean (Karsten, 1907), and once from the 

 Atlantic (Dangeard, 1927c). It had not been reported 

 from the Pacific before the Carnegie investigations. 



In the Carnegie collection the species was found at 

 22 stations: 1 in the Atlantic and 21 in the Pacific. 

 There are 31 records of occurrence: 29 rare and 2 oc- 

 casional. It was found more frequently with increase in 

 depth, with 3 records for the surface, 11 for 50 meters, 

 and 17 for 100 meters. The 2 records of "occasional" 

 were at 50 and 100 meters. There are 9 pump records 

 and 22 net records. 



The single occurrence in the Atlantic was at station 

 2, in the North Atlantic Drift (fig. 52). In the Pacific the 

 species occurred at widely scattered regions, but all 

 records were well within the range of C. horrida . There 

 were 2 stations south of Japan, 2 north of Hawaii, 8 in 

 the equatorial currents of the central Pacific, and 9 

 between the Galapagos and Easter Islands. 



The surface temperatures at the stations where the 

 species occurred at any depth varied from 20°.8 to 

 29 °4 C. The ranges of hydrographic conditions in situ 

 were as follows: temperature, 18°.2 to 29°.3 C; salinity, 

 34.4 to 36.4 o/oo; pH, 7.93 to 8.37; phosphate, 4 to 60 

 mg P04/m3. 



Ceratocorys bipes is a rare tropical species, per- 

 haps widespread but seldom collected because of its 

 sparse numbers. It is strikingly restricted to the warm 

 tropical water masses, much more so than most other 

 species of the genus. Thus, although it was found off 

 Japan at latitude 34° north in water with a surface tem- 

 perature of 23°2 (station 112), it was not found near the 

 influence of either the California Current or the Hum- 

 boldt Current. It was found in the southeastern Pacific, 

 south of Easter Island, but the temperatures there were 

 above 20°. It can live in water low in nutrients; e.g., 

 there were six records in water having a phosphate con- 

 tent less than 10 mg P04/m3. 



Subgenus PROTOCERATOCORYS n.subgen. 



Sulcal plates six, postcingulars five. Sixth sulcal 

 plate homologous with first postcingular of Eucerato - 

 corys . For this reason the designation pol is retained 

 for this plate. This plate is small and is turned down to 

 form the left edge of the sulcus along side of flagellar 

 pore, and is not evident in the ventral view of an intact 

 specimen. Type species: C. gourretii Paulsen. 



