ORDER III 
STRAIGHT-WINGED INSECTS—(ORTHOPTERA). 
Att insects which have transversely movable jaws, mem- 
braneous wings (a few have no wings), six legs, and undergo 
no metamorphosis, belong to the Order Orthoptera, which 
signifies in English “‘Straight-winged.” Among these are 
Grasshoppers, Walking-leaves, Crickets, Cockroaches, Ear- 
wigs, Soothsayers, Walking-sticks, etc. 
Grasshoppers. 
Grasshoppers have been divided by Linnzus into two 
families; viz., Grilliide and Locustide. 
The Gritiip#, or those properly called Grasshoppers, 
dwell, as their name indicates, upon the ground, in mead- 
ows and fields. They have short thread-like feelers, and 
their females are destitute of an ovipositor ; but both sexes, 
when flying, produce a stridulating sound by rubbing their 
saw-like hind legs upon their parchment-like wings. 
The Locustip have very long filiform antenne. The 
females are provided wifff a long sword-like ovipositor, and 
the males are furnished with a spot resembling an eye of 
glass at the base of each wing-cover, which they rub to- 
gether, and thus produce their peculiar sound. Their wing- 
covers, when at rest, are disposed like a slanting roof. 
Their color is generally bright green, which, after death, 
soon changes into a dingy yellow, but may be preserved by 
taking out the intestines of the animal and filling the ab- 
dominal cavity with cotton. 
Dr. Harris, in his work on the Injurious Insects of Mas- 
sachusetts, and Mr. Westwood, in his ‘ Introduction to the 
