ORDER IV.—MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 149 
city of Kaffa, now called Theodosia, a name given to it by 
the modern northern Semiramis, Catharine II.,in honor of 
Julian’s profligate empress. As we neared the city, the 
high-soaring larks and the melodious nightingales, from 
the topmost branches of the trees, were warbling their 
morning salutations to the rising sun, whose crimson beams 
had just begun to gild the neighboring hills with purple 
and gold, brightening till their illuminated tops seemed like 
golden crowns hovering over the heads of Julian and his 
Empress Theodosia. The contrasts of scenery and of char- 
acter—QJulian, the apostate and enemy of Christianity, and 
Theodosia, once a prostitute, now a fanatic and an empress 
—were absorbing all our thoughts, when we came upon a 
comfortable-looking country residence, on all sides sur- 
rounded with white mulberry-trees. Supposing, of course, 
that these were cultivated for the purpose of raising silk, we 
could not forbear alighting from the horse and seeking the 
acquaintance of the proprietor. The estate belonged to an 
Armenian gentleman, who very kindly received us, and 
showed us his whole plantation. ‘There were about 800 
mulberry-trees upon an area of 300 square yards, and the 
multitude of silk-worms in their several airy apartments were 
just on the point of making their cocoons. The net profit 
of this one establishment for the year previous was 1200 ru- 
bles, equivalent to $240, and the proprietor informed us 
that he had several other similar ones in different places. 
All these peaceful establishments in the Crimea—the 
home and the happiness of so many families, the support 
of thousands of harmless and virtuous men, women, and 
children—have been destroyed in the late pestilential war, 
and the inhabitants plundered, driven away, or cruelly mur- 
dered, and all merely to satisfy the ambition and add to 
the glory and power of tyrants. Strange that the tortured 
nations of Europe can submit to the oppressive yoke of tyr- 
anny which crushes them! Passing strange that they do 
