ORDER IV.—MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 179 
penny-worth of India rubber is sufficient for the protection 
of twenty ordinary-sized fruit trees.” 
These are about all the directions necessary to give for 
preventing the ravages of insects injurious to our trees; 
and, if they are carefully and perseveringly followed out, 
will be effectual in saving many a fine orchard from desola- 
tion and decay. There surely can be no farmer unable to 
avail himself of some of the simple contrivances mentioned, 
and thus save his capital and his labor. 
The AprLe-worm (Carpocapsa pomonella), which is so oft- 
en found in apples, pears, plums, and apricots, is a flesh-col- 
ored, naked caterpillar, half an inch long when fully grown, 
with a black head and sixteen feet. It issues from an egg, 
deposited upon the fruit by its mother in the month of June 
or Fily, and as soon as it is hatched works its way through 
the skin and lives in the fruit about three weeks; then it 
gnaws its way out, falls to the ground, and, creeping to 
some retired place, is there metamorphosed into a thin, silky 
cocoon, from which it issues in a few days as a perfect 
moth, when it again lays its eggs, from which a second 
generation arise to mar and destroy our fall and winter 
apples. 
The wings of this moth expand only three quarters of an 
inch, and are of a light, yellowish-brown color. The fruit 
which it infects, or upon which it lays its eggs, usually falls 
to the ground before it is fully ripe, and before the cater- 
pillar hatched from the eggs is ready for its metamorphosis 
into a cocoon. Hence, in order to destroy them, they may 
be collected by hanging old clothes about the trees, and the 
caterpillars will creep into them for the purpose of making 
their cocoons, or the fruit should be gathered as soon as it 
falls and boiled up, thus destroying the second generation. 
Now this moth, altogether an insignificant-looking affair, 
is not only capable of doing a vast amount of injury, but it 
possesses remarkable instinct, or is endowed with wonder- 
