[BurPez] MODERN PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND THEIR METHODS 27 
any compilation of catalogues?” He said, “ Yes, very much.” Many 
witnesses strongly objected to the rule that whoever wanted a book 
must look it out in the catalogue, and copy the title on a slip with 
the press-mark before he could receive it—a rule that has since been 
almost universally adopted in public libraries. Mr. Carlyle, with 
characteristic crankiness, preferred to get his books elsewhere rather 
than submit to the rule. “I had occasion” he says, “at one time 
to consult a good many of the pamphlets respecting the Civil War 
period of the history of England. I supposed these pamphlets to be 
standing in their own room, on shelves contiguous to each other. I 
marked on the paper ‘ King’s Pamphlets’ such and such a number, 
giving a description undeniably pointing to the volume; and the 
servant to whom I gave this paper at first said that he could not serve 
me with the volume, and that I must find it out in the catalogue and 
state the press-mark, and all the other formalities. Being a little 
provoked with that state of things, I declared that I would not seek 
for the book in that form; that I could get no good out of these 
pamphlets on such terms; that I must give them up rather, and go 
my ways, and try to make the grievance known in some proper quarter.” 
Protessor Charles Coftin Jewett, of the Smithsonian Institution, 
Washington, prepared a code of cataloguing rules, which he published 
in 1853 in a pamphlet entitled “ Smithsonian Report on the Construc- 
tion of Catalogues of Libraries, and their Publication by means of 
Separate Titles, with Rules and Examples.” Mr. Jewett’s rules were 
founded upon those of the British Museum ; some of them are verba- 
tim ; others conform more to rules advocated by Panizzi but not finally 
sanctioned by the Trustees of the Museum. Jewett’s rules are classified 
as follows: pp. 1-45, Titles; pp. 45-56, Headings; pp. 57-59, Cross- 
references; pp. 59-62, Arrangement; pp. 62, 63, Maps, engravings, etc. ; 
p. 64, Exceptional cases. These rules, with some exceptions and modi- 
fications, were afterwards adopted by the Boston Public Library. 
Another code of rules founded largely upon Panizzi’s, was that 
drawn up at Cambridge University—“ Rules to be observed in forming 
the Alphabetical Catalogue of Printed Books in the University Library.” 
With the exception of some alterations made in 1879, these rules, forty- 
nine in all, now stand substantially as originally adopted. 
The rules of the Library Association of the United Kingdom were 
originally formed for the purpose of making a foundation for a gigantic 
work suggested by the late Mr. Cornelius Walford,—a Catalogue of 
English Literature. The plan for this catalogue fell through, but the 
rules remained, and were adapted to the purposes of a general library 
catalogue. They have been amended on several occasions since. 

