[eurese] MODERN PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND THEIR METHODS Al 
for overdue books. The date tray has fourteen compartments for the 
former, and one for the latter. 
The trays move from right to left, and as to-day’s circulation 
becomes yesterday’s, its tray is moved one space to the left, while the 
fourteenth tray shows that all cards left in it represent books one day 
overdue, and the delinquents can thus be promptly notified. 
Some years ago a list was prepared by the librarian of the Mil- 
waukee Public Library, and published in the Library Journal, of 20 
questions answered by the charging system of that library. Of these 
questions, it may be noted that only those relating to borrowers can 
as a rule be answered by the Ledger System. Three or four additional 
questions may be answered by the Temporary Slip System, and the 
Single Card System. The Two Card System answers nearly all. 
The list is as follows (the additions in brackets having been added by 
Miss Plummer, of the Pratt Institute, in a paper on “ Loan Sys- 
tems ?): — 
1. Is a given book out ? 
2. If out, who has it ? 
3. When did he take it ? 
4. When is it to be sent for as overdue ? 
5. Has the book ever been out ? 
6. How many times and when has the book been out ? 
7. How many (and what) books were issued on a given day ? 
ja. How many (and what) bookis are due on a given day ? 
8. How many (and what) books in each class were issued on a given day? 
9. How many (and what) books are now out, charged to borrowers ? 
10. How many (and what) books are at the bindery ? 
11. Has a certain book been rebound, and when ? 
12. What books (have been discarded ? 
13. Does the circulation of a discarded book warrant its being replaced ? 
14. Has a given borrower a book charged to him ? 
14a. (How many books are charged to him ?) 
14b. (What books are charged to him ?) 
15. How many persons have now books charged to them ? 
16. Are these the persons who registered earliest or latest ? 
17. How often has a borrower made use of the library ? 
18. Has a borrower had a given book before ? = 
19. What has been the character of the borrower’s reading ? 
20. Is the borrower’s card stili in force and used ? 
20a. (Has this person a right to draw books ?) 
Questions 10, 11 and 12 are answered, in most libraries, by a reference to 
the Accession Book. ; 

In the Proceedings of the American Library Association for 1889, pp. 203- 
214, will be found an admirable historical treatment of Charging Systems, in 
the United States, by Mr. Hi J. Carr. In an appendix to Mr. Carr’s report is 
given a bibliography of Charging Systems from 1876 to 1888. The subject has 
been frequently dealt with since 1888 in the American Library Journal. See: 
