94 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
Quebec and the boundary line fixed through the lakes and the con- 
necting rivers. 
Then began the locating of the Loyalists, the settlers coming in 
more rapidly than the surveyors could run their lines. The settle- 
ments were made in four somewhat distinct groups, which may be 
named, fon convenience, the St. Lawrence, the Bay of Quinté, the 
Niagara, and the Detroit. Before referring to these in particular it 
may be well to state that discharged loyalist soldiers formed the 
nucleus of every settlement. As a rule the various regiments were 
allotted separate townships and at first took up land together, accom- 
panied by most of their officers. Each loyalist regiment had, as a 
rule, been raised within a certain area of the neighbouring States, 
so that the various townships were settled by little groups of persons 
who had come from the same section, were fairly well acquainted 
with one another, and to a certain extent were inter-related by mar- 
riage. The result of this was to reproduce here the characteristics 
of their original home districts, and to give an individuality to each 
township. There was a variety in the make-up and therefore in the 
views and modes of life of the component township parts of these 
districts that is sometimes not fully recognized by writers and stu- 
dents of early times. Interesting fields of investigation await the 
historian and novelist in the study of the first Highland Scotch settle- 
ments, the German, the Dutch, and even the French Canadian settle- 
ments, and a visit to these parts to-day will show that they have 
not yet lost all of their early peculiarities. I stated that the officers, 
as a rule, settled along with their disbanded regiments. It was to 
be expected that these men who had been their leaders for seven or 
eight years should take the lead also in these various districts, and 
that when the time came for the choosing of legislators some of them 
should be selected as their representatives. 
A few words now as to these four settlements. We begin at 
the east with the St. Lawrence section. Lancaster, the first town- 
ship lying next to the old seigniory of New Longueuil, was passed 
by, for it was low and marshy, and hence was called “the sunken 
township.” Beyond this, eight townships fronting on the river were 
surveyed, each one known as “ No. so-and-so below Cataraqui.” 
Charlottenburg {No. 1) was settled by Scottish Highlanders, Roman 
Catholics; Cornwall (No. 2) and Osnabruck (No. 3) by Scottish Pres- 
byterians; Williamsburg (No. 4) and Matilda (No. 5) by German 
Lutherans from Northern New York. Edwardsburg (No. 6), Augusta 
(No. 7) and Elizabethtown (No. 8) were more mixed in their composi- 
tion. For fuller study of the five counties forming the St. Lawrence 
district, the various local histories may be consulted. 
