[GANONG ] DOCHET (ST. CROIX) ISLAND 187 
dens. The plan of the settlement was prepared by Champlain, and 
is fully shown on a map and a picture-plan drawn by him (Figs. 8 
and 9). It stood on the nearly level, elevated north end of the island 
in a situation easy to recognize, though every trace of the settlement 
has vanished. The principal buildings were the residence of the com- 
mander, and a strongly built storehouse, the materials for both of 
which had doubtless been chiefly, if not entirely, brought from France. 
These two, together with a third building serving as a general assem- 
bly house (and perhaps, too, as the general mess-room), were connected 
with one another by palisades, the whole forming an efficient fort, 
ample for protection against the Indians. Cannon were mounted also 
north of the settlement, on the knoll at the foot of the island, and 
on the bluff on the south east of the island. Near by were constructed 
other buildings,— barracks for the Swiss mercenaries, dwellings for 
the gentlemen and for the workmen, all of whom seggregated into 
groups according to their rank and tastes. An oven house and a 
kitchen were built, and a well was dug though it proved of slight 
service; and a water-mill for grinding grain was started, but not com- 
pleted, on the mainland. ‘lhe chapel was, seemingly, attached to the 
house of the priest, and another, little more than a large wigwam, was 
built near the foot of the island, probably for the use of the Indians, 
some of whom encamped there. All of the buildings, except the 
first mentioned, were doubtless built of logs, but with doors, windows 
and chimneys brought from France, and it is likely that they were 
badly built, as the carpenters must have been new to this kind of 
construction. Gardens were laid out both among the dwellings, and 
on the level ground southward of the settlement (Fig. 14), and also 
on the mainland of both banks of the river and at the falls near the 
present Calais and St. Stephen, and many grains and other seeds 
were planted. In the autumn some of the party returned in the 
vessels to France, leaving de Monts and some 76 men on the island. 
The winter set in very early and proved exceptionally severe. The 
cold north winds swept down the river, little broken in force by the 
thin fringe of trees left around the island, and penetrated the 
badly constructed dwellings, imperfectly heated by their charcoal fires, 
or by their ravenous fireplaces for which little wood could be got. 
Great quantities of ice formed in the river, so that it became very 
difficult, and sometimes impossible, to fetch wood and water in their 
small boat from the mainland, and for the same reason little fish or 
other fresh food could be obtained. The men, weakened by the cold, 
by labour on the hand mills and by watching against possible treachery 
from the Indians, and, perhaps, from some among their own number, 
with blood impoverished by the salt food, bad water and little exercise, 
