[PENHALLow] CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY PLANTS OF CANADA 88 
figured and described by both Lesquereux * and Knowlton, but to which 
its general form would seem to make it allied. 
J 
Fic. 4.—TYPHA VENATION. X 5. 

A critical examination of two species of typha has served to bring 
out the possible connection of this fossil with that genus. In 
T. latifolia, a leaf having the same width as the fossil showed a com- 
plete absence of nerves, but the presence of numerous unequal, and 
unequally distant veins to the number of about 83 per cm. ‘These 
veins are not connected by transverse veinlets as in Iris, and as called 
for in most of the descriptions of Phragmites. The absence of nerves, 
however, is not a constant character, since in larger leaves these struc- 
tures appear chiefly toward the base where they are also obsolete to 
some extent, and their distribution within the width of the blade is 
by no means uniform. The veins of T. latifolia appear to be about 
twice as numerous as in the fossil, but this would seem to be of the 
nature of a specific variation, since in T. angustifolia they are only 
48 per cm. In all cases the veins are distinguished by their unequal 
size and variable distance as in the fossil. 
Lesquereux has described a species of Typha from the Green 
River Group of Florissant, Colorado,? but both description and 
figures seem to be wholly inapplicable to the genus as far as it is 
represented by existing forms. In T. latifolia and T. angustifolia, 
both of which he refers to for general comparison, the veins are either 
all alike, though variable in size and proximity, or there are more or 
less prominent nerves about 1 mm. distant, with about 7 intermediate 
veins which are alternately larger and smaller. In no case do herb- 
arium specimens exhibit transverse veinlets, and certainly nothing 
of the sort could become conspicuous in the impression of a fossil leaf 
of this genus. It is therefore evident that the statement that the 
leaves are “ marked lengthwise by parallel nerves (14) crossed at right 

1 Tertiary Flora, VII., 90. 
2,Cret. & Tert. Floras, VEIT, 141, Pl.  XXIIT:, 4; 4a. 
