64 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
of nerves, but marked by fine veins at regular intervals and about 30 
to the em., or 22 per em., the latter probably being the normal number. 
At intervals of about 1:5 mm. cross veins or bars connect the former 
either transversely or diagonally. In detail, the appearance of the 
structure is like that which characterizes the various descriptions and 
figures of Phragmites between the nerves. ‘The apparently great 
breadth of the organ represented, the complete absence of nerves and 
also the absence of secondary veinlets traversed at right angles by the 
cross bars, serve to exclude it completely from both Phragmites and 
Typha as usually described in palæobotanical works, and by the same 
characters the fossils are excluded from relationship with Phragmites 
and Typha as expressed in the structure of existing representatives 
of those genera. 
Among recognized fossil plants, there is great difficulty in 
establishing identity, but Fontaine figures a somewhat similar frag- 
ment from the Mesozoic of Virginia. This specimen shows about 20 
veins to the cm. The description reads as follows: — 
“Stem finely striate; punctures, or bars, between all the striæ. 
The transverse bars, under a good glass, are much like dots, and do 
not always connect the longitudinal lines.” 
This diagnosis applies to Calamites punctatus, Emmons, which 
Fontaine identifies with and transfers to Sphenozamites rogersianus, 
and the close similarity of the present material, suggests possible 
identity. 
