[PENHALLOwW] CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY PLANTS OF CANADA 67 
An analysis of the preceding table by localities, shows that of a 
total of 58 stations for the plants of the Paskapoo series as previously 
determined, 34:48 per cent are Miocene, 60-34 per cent are Eocene 
and only 5-17 per cent are Cretaceous. Out of the 28 species included 
in the list from the Red Deer River, 24 have been definitely recognized 
and associated with particular formations. Employing this as a basis, 
the percentage distribution of the Red Deer River plants would be, 
Miocene 12-5 per cent, Eocene 83:33 per cent, and Cretaceous 4:16 per 
cent. Yet again, of the Eocene plants, 10 per cent also extend into 
the Cretaceous, while 45 per cent extend into the Miocene, thus leaving 
55 per cent which may be regarded as purely Eocene, while 10 per cent 
are common to both Cretaceous and Miocene. Of the purely 
Cretaceous type, so far as its previous record is concerned, is 
Alnites grandifolia which Newberry observed in the Dakota Group, 
where at least two other species have been recognized, while Alnites 
insignis also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous at Nanaimo. The genus 
Alnus as known on this continent is altogether ‘Tertiary, ranging from 
the Eocene to Pleistocene, and the same is true of its occurrence in 
Europe, from which it would appear that the genus Alnites is to be 
regarded as a Tertiary and not as a Cretaceous type. Sequoia couttsiæ is 
a species of wide range, extending from Cretaceous to Miocene, and ‘the 
same is largely true of Cornus rhamnifolia, so that both are to be 
viewed as essentially Tertiary types. Viburnum ovatum which appears 
to be a new species, belongs to a genus which is found in both the 
Cretaceous and Tertiary of North America, but by far the larger 
number of species are of Tertiary age, while in Europe, it does not 
appear before the Eocene where it has few representatives, but in the 
Miocene it is augmented by a large number of species. Clintonia 
oblongfolia has not been recognized on this continent heretofore, and ~ 
in Europe also, it has no representative. It therefore affords no 
special evidence as to the age of the Paskapoo series. Maianthemum 
is represented in the Cretaceous of North America by Majanthemo- 
phyllum pusillum from Staten Island. In Europe it does not appear 
before the Miocene where it is represented by four species, but it is 
most abundant in the later part of this age. 
So far then as these comparisons afford evidence, the flora of the 
Paskapoo series abundantly confirms the conclusion of Mr. Tyrrell 
that this formation is of Eocene age. 
