106 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
Paradoxides there, while the Olenus fauna was being developed in 
Europe. | 
In the article on the distribution of the Cambrian Faunas above 
referred to, the present writer ventured to suggest that the fauna of 
the Utica slate was a cold deep-water fauna, swept in upon America 
from the North Atlantic region. Since then R. Rudemaun, the talented 
Assistant Palæontologist of the New York State survey, has found 
proof of the existence of such a current from the northeast prevail- 
ing over northeastern New York in Utica times. This he has demon- 
strated by observations on the attitude of colonies of graptolites 
entombed in the Utica shale in that region. 
In the present author's article above cited, it was also inferred 
that the central part of North America was the headquarters of the 
Olenellus fauna, because it was there represented by a variety of 
species, whereas in Europe the fauna where it had been found consisted 
of only a few species, stragglers from the main swarm. The argu- 
ment in reference to the Paradoxides fauna would imply a reversed 
current in the time of the Olenellus fauna, viz.: one flowing to the 
northeast, and carrying with it the migrating young of the Benthos. 
A possible confirmation of this view is found in the attitude of the 
entombed shells of the Etcheminian faunas in Cape Breton, especially 
the Upper fauna. 
In the Upper Etcheminian fauna the orientation of its Brachio- 
pods to the northeast is of a very marked character, indicating a 
current setting to the northeast along the Cambrian shore during the 
time of the entombment of the Upper Etcheminian fauna. 
In the Lower Etcheminian the orientation is more capricious, 
some beds showing it distinctly and others not at all. But in the 
fossils of the Upper fauna it is very conspicuous in many of the layers. 
Sometimes as many as eighty per cent. of the valves are turned in 
the direction of the current. This would indicate a steady flow of 
water setting to the northeast during the time of the entombment of 
the Upper Etcheminian fauna. 
It is in accordance with this that the fauna changed suddenly at 
the beginning of this time, a new set of species, and one new genus 
appearing among the Brachiopods. There was also a change in the 
kind of sediment deposited, as hard massive sandstones gave place to 
more flaggy beds and shales. 
It does not seem likely that the phenomenon of orientation to 
the northeast was due to tidal action, for in the valley where this 
feature is most noticeable, the beds in which it was observed thicken 
to the southwest, indicating that the opening of the bay was in that 
