118 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
ing the blood of other sorts, are not very distinctly manifest until 
the second generation, when the plants vary to a degree which is 
remarkable. In this instance, however, the head was very much 
modified in the first generation, and the plant produced from the Red 
Fife kernel which was fertilized by the Polonian pollen gave heads 
which were quite unlike Red Fife, with kernels considerably larger 
than are ever found in that variety. The kernels were removed with- 
out destroying the head which still retains much of its natural form. 
These kernels have been sown and are producing vigorous plants, 
among which some remarkable variations may be expected. 
Cross-bred Barleys. 
In the cross-breeding of barley the two-rowed sorts Hordeum 
distichon have been crossed with the six-rowed Hordeum hexastichon. 
The six-rowed sorts ripen earlier than the two-rowed, while the latter 
stools much more freely. This cross has been effected with the object 
of bringing about earlier ripening in the new varieties of two-rowed 
originated and a greater tendency to stool in the new six-rowed sorts. 
A number of productive and useful varieties have been thus obtained. 
Among the new two-rowed barleys produced, the Beaver and Nepean 
stand in the front rank, and among the new six-rowed sorts, the Royal 
and Nugent. These have all gained a good record for productiveness 
and quality, and are now grown to a considerable extent. Six-rowed 
varieties of bearded barley have also been crossed with six-rowed 
beardless sorts and some promising results obtained. 
In crossing the two-rowed barleys with the six-rowed, the plant 
produced from the hybridized kernel has usually resembled the variety 
used as the female in the cross, but when the crop from this plant 
has been sown the following season many striking and singular varia- 
tions have occurred, some heads having two rows, others six rows, 
while some have intermediate forms. By selecting the most promis- 
ing sorts and rejecting from among these all the variations which 
occur subsequently from year to year, the type will in a few years 
usually become fixed and will reproduce itself in a pure form. 
Cross-bred Oats. 
In the crossing of oats the improvements looked for were 
increased productiveness, earliness in ripening, stiffness of straw, 
plumpness of grain, thinness of hull, and less liability to rust. Black 
oats have been crossed with white, and, in some instances, three 
varieties have been obtained by subsequent variations from the one 
