kki-er] presidential ADDRKSS 29 



lilies with tlie ditch, and will probably average 93 per cent of the 

 theoretical discharge. 



At the Cariboo mine a pipe line 1,000 feet in length is composed 

 of a length at entrance of about fifty feet, tapering from forty-eight to 

 thirty inches, forming the bell mouth, then 200 feet of thirty-inch pipe, 

 and the remainder twenty-two inch to within a short distance of the 

 giant. 



The " deflector " at the end of the nozzle, which controls the 

 movement of the giant is a simple cylinder of about two inches larger 

 diameter than the issuing jet, swung, at its rear, in a joint similar to 

 the gimbals on a marine compass. A lever is attached to this deflector 

 of suflieient length to enable a boy, entering on his teens, to bring the 

 cylinder into firm contact with the issuing jet, which then swings itself 

 right or left, up or down as required. On letting go the lever the 

 deflector swings free from the stream. 



"Water is usually measured on the Pacific coast by the " miner's 

 inch,'^ which varies in different localities ; but the most widely used 

 one is '' the quantity of water that will flow from an orifice one inch 

 square through a two-inch plank with still water standing at a depth 

 of six inches above the top of the orifice," — which quantity is 2,274 

 cubic feet (about 17,000 American gallons) in twenty-four hours. The 

 duty of this inch is the washing of one and a half to four and a half 

 cubic yards, according to locality and quality of material. 



LAKE SUPEEIOR IRON. 



The Lake Superior ore beds of the United States have yielded 134,- 

 000,000 tons, of which 117,000,000 tons have been mined since 1882. 

 The quantity mined in 1898 was 14,000,000 tens, the greatest of any 

 one year, and more than half of the total mined in the United States 

 in that year. 



The production of pig iron in the United States in 1898 was 

 11,773,934 tons ; the principal producing States being : — 



Pennsylvania 5,500.000 tons 



Ohio 2,000,000 " 



Illinois 1,.500,OCO " 



Alabama 1,000,000 " 



The greater portion of the above was Bessemer pig, of which Penn- 

 sylvania produced 4,000,000 tons, Ohio 1,500,000 and Illinois 1,200,000, 

 the last two having the higher proportion. Lake Superior ore and 

 Pennsylvania coke meet at Chicago. About one and two-thirds to two 



