32 UOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



possess an inioilockiiig edge like bearded barley ubieh seize bold of 

 eacb otbcr wlien passing ra])idly from tbe floating to tbe fixed position, 

 and can consequently be driven at a liigber rate of speed tbroiigli tbe 

 nracbine tban other kinds of spruce wood. Tbe otber woods for pulp- 

 luaking, in order of value, are balsam, jjoplar, soft maple, basswood 

 and tamarack, all abundant in Canada. Spruce and balsam are not 

 only at the head of the list on account of their intrinsic value, but be- 

 cause they reproduce themselves more rapidly than others; this, in the 

 case of spruce, being estimated to range between ten and twenty years 

 according to situation. 



" Lockwood " gives the Dominion list of mills under the two heads 

 of paper mills, and pulp and chemical fibre mills. Their reported 

 capacity for Ontario is a daily output of : — 



Paper mills 172,000 lbs. 



Pulp and chemif-al fibre niilKs. . 713,000 " 



Total 915,000 " 



For Quebec : 



Paper mills .001,000 " 



I'lilp and chemical fibre mills 40:i.0C() 



Total 1,OÔ7,0(H) " 



Nova Scotia has a paper mill of 8,000 pounds daily capacity, and 

 Nova Scotia and Xew Brunswick have pulp and chemical fibre mills; 

 the first with 174,000 pounds, and the second with 160,000 pounds 

 daily capacity. 



jSTumerous and varied as are the qualities and uses of pulp and 

 wood paper, its abundance and cheapness have given it an extended 

 field in architecture, in addition to the ornamental one, especially for 

 a cold climate. By its use the cheap wooden houses can be made warmer 

 than brick or stone ones ; and in many of these there is a greater 

 surface of paper than of wood used, as it is doubled round the sides, 

 and can be used to cover both roof and carpeted floor. The paper mills 

 advertise their output as book, ledger, news, bag, tissue, manila, -WTap- 

 ping, writing, hardware, carpet lining, roofing, building, wall, leather 

 board, l)inding, etc. 



The other uses to which both chemical and mechanical wood pulp 

 are put are varied and increasing, as in furniture, carriages, hollow ware 

 of all kinds, water pipes, portmanteaus, horse shoes, bottles, clothing, 

 ]>aving blocks and fire and water-proof compositions. In the latter 

 connection a most extensive and important field will be found in waler- 

 l)roof underground conduits for electric wires. 



!^[echanical pulp is wood ground in water ; chemical pulp, the same 

 wood digested or cooked in sul])hurous acid, or, by a soda process, filtered 



