202 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



chiefs" with more limn 5U() persons, men, women and children, some 

 doubtless from the neighbouring settlements. If the same 200 personsas 

 in the previous year were absent fishing at Gaspc, and others in other 

 spots, these figures argue a considerable poi)ulation. 



Below Stadacona, were four "peoples and settlements": Ajoasté, 

 Sturnatcuny Tailla (on a mountain) and Satadin or Stadia. Above 

 Stadaco7ia were Tekenouday (on a mountain) and Hochelay {Achelacy or 

 Jfagouchouda) ' which was in open country. Further up wove Hochelaga 

 and some settlements on the island of ^lontreal, and various other places 

 unobserved by Cartier, belonging to the same race ; who according to a 

 later statement of the remnant of them, conrirmed by archaeology, had 

 several " towns" on the island of Montreal and inhabited " all the hills to 

 the south and east.''- The hills to be seen from Mount Eoyal to the south 

 are the northern slopes of the Adirondacks ; while to the east are the lone 

 volcanic eminences in the plain, Montarville, Belœil, Eougemont, Johnson, 

 Yamaska, Shetlord, Orford and the Green Mountains. All these hills 

 deserve search for Huron-Iroquois town-sites. The general sense of 

 this paragraph includes an implication also of settlements towards 

 and on Lake Champlain, that is to say, when taken in connection with 

 the landscape. (My own dwelling overlooks this landscape.) At the 

 same time let me say that perhaps due inquiries might locate some of the 

 sites of Ajoaste and the other villages in the Quebec district. In Cartier's 

 third voyage he refers obscurely, in treating of Montreal, to "the said town 

 of Tutonaguy." This word, with French pi'onunciation, appears to be the 

 same as that still given by Mohawks to the Island, — Tiotiaké, meaning 

 "deep water beside shallow," that is to say, " below the Eapid." In the 

 so-called Cabot map of 1544 the name Ilochelaga is replaced by " Tutonaer," 

 apparently from some map of Cartier's. It may be a reproduction of 

 some lost map of his. Lewis H. Morgan gives " Tiotiake" as " Do de-a-ga." 

 Another place named by Cartier i8,ilfa«sowna, to which thechief of Hochelay 

 had been gone two days when the explorer made his settlement a visit. 

 On a map of Ortelius of 1556 quoted by Parkman this name appears to 

 be given as Muscova, a district placed on the right bank of the Eichelieu 

 Eiver and opposite Hochelay, but possibly this is a pure guess, though it 

 is alikely one. It may perhaps be conjectured that Stadacona, Tailla and 

 Tekenouday, being on heights, were the oldest strongholds in their region. 



All the country was covered with forests " except around tlie peoples, 

 who cut it down to make their settlement and tillage.'' At Stadacona 



' The latter I conjecture not to be the real name of the place but that the 

 Stadacona people had referred to Hochelay as " Ap;ojûda" or wicked. The ciiief of 

 Hochelay on one occasion warned Cartier of plots at Stadacona, and there ajjpears 

 to have been some antaj^onism between the places. The Hochelay people seem to 

 have been Hothelagans proper not Stadacona Ilochelagans. Hochelay-aga could 

 mean " j)e<)ple of Hochelay." 



« Relation of 1642. 



