[lighthall] HOCHELAGANS AND MOHAWKS 207 



excavations were made by the writer. If, however, the southern enemies, 

 called Toudamans, tive of whose scalps were shown Cartier at Siadacona. 

 were, as one conjecture has it, Tonontouans or Senecas, the Iroquois identity 

 theory must be varied, but it is much more likely the Toudamans were 

 the Etchemins. At any rate it seems clear that the Hochelagan race 

 came down the St. Lawrence as a spur (probably an adventurous fishing 

 pai-ty) from the great Huron-Iroquois centre about Lake Huron ^ ; for 

 that their advent had been recent appears from the fewness of sites dis- 

 covered, from the smallness of the population, considering the richness of 

 the country, and especially from the fact that the Huron, and the Seneca, 

 and their own, tongues were still mutually comprehensible, notwithstand- 

 ing the rapid changes of Indian dialects. Everything considered, their 

 coming might perhaps be placed about 1450, which could give time for the 

 settlements on Lake Champlain,' unearthed by Dr. D. S. Kellogg and 

 others and rendered probable by their pottery and other evidence as 

 being Huron- Iroquois.'^ Cartier, as we have seen, described the Hoche- 

 lagan towns along the river. 



The likeness of the names Tekenouday and Ajoasté to that of the 

 Huron town Tekenonkiaye, and the Andastean Andoasté, shows howclo.~e 

 was the relationship. Nevertheless the Hochelagans were quite cut off 

 from the Hurons, whose country as we have found, some of them point 

 to and describe. to Cartier as inhabited by evil ânen. As the Stadacona 

 people, more distant, independentl}^ refer to them as good, no war could 

 have been then proceeding with them. 



In 1540 when Eoberval cam© — and down to 1543 — the conditions 

 were still unchanged. What of the events between this date and the 

 coming of Champlain in 1605? This period can be filled up to some 

 extent. 



About 1500 the Hurons came down, conquered the Hochelagans and 

 their subject j)eoples and destroyed Hochelaga. I reach this date as 



1 Two of the Huron nations .settled in Canada West about 1400 ; another about 

 1590 ; the fourth in 1610. See Relations,— W. M. Beauchamp. 



-Dr. Kellogg, whose collection is very large and his studies valuable, writes me 

 as follows : "In 1886 Mr. Frey sent me a little box of Indian pottery from his 

 vicinity (the Mohawk Valley). It contained chiefly edge pieces of jars, whose 

 ornamentation outside near the top was in lines, and nearly every one of these pieces 

 also had the deep finger nail indentation. I spread these out on a board. Many had 

 also the small circle ornamentation, made perhaps by the end of a hollow bone 

 This pottery I have always called Iroquois. At two sites near Plattsburg this type 

 prevails. But otherwise whenever we have found this type we have looked on it 

 curiously. It is not the type prevailing here. The type here has ornamentations 

 consisting of dots and dotted lines, dots in lines, scallop stamps, etc. These dots on 

 a single jar are hundreds and perhaps thousands in number. Even in Vermont the 

 Iroquois type is abundant. This confirms what Champlain's Indian friends told him 

 about the country around the mountains in the east (i. e. in Vermont) being occupied 

 by their enemies. . . . The pottery here indicates a much closer relation with that 

 at Hochelaga than with that at Palatine Bridge (Mohawk Valley, N.Y.) 



