[ganoxg] historic SITES IN NEW BRUNSWICK 217 



future study ; and there is a great amount to be done in particular locali- 

 ties, too, on sites not likely to be of interest outside of those places. 



The subject of historic sites in New Brunswick naturally falls into 

 periods answering to those of our general history, which segi-egates it- 

 self naturally into six fairly distinct periods — the Prehistoric (or Indian), 

 that of Exploration, the Acadian, the English, the Loj^alist and the Post- 

 Loyalist. 



I. THE PEEHISTOEIC (INDIAN) PEEIOD. 



In this period, the subjects of particular importance to our present 

 study are the following: — (1) The distribution of the Indian tribes; 

 (2) the sites of their villages, camping places and burial grounds ; (3) 

 their routes of travel. Though occasional references to these topics occur 

 in local historical writings, these are extremely scanty, and no attempt 

 has been made as yet to ti-eat the subject comprehensively. 



1. The Distribution of the Indian Tribes. 



When the country now forming New Brunswick was first discoveied, 

 it was occupied by two distinct Indian tribes, distributed well over it on 

 the principal rivers and harbours. The early writers, who often refer to 

 them, while at times differing in details, agree in the main as to their dis- 

 tribution ; and as set forth by them it diffei-ed but little from that of the 

 same tribes in the present day. The Micmacs or Souriquois occupied the 

 entire north shore from Gasj)é to and into Nova Scotia, with villages on 

 the principal rivers ; and the head of the Bay of Fundy was theirs also. 

 The Maliseets or Etechemins occupied the valley of the St. John and the 

 Passamaquoddy region. The division of the tribe inhabiting the latter 

 was known as the Passamaquoddies, while those of the St. John were 

 Woolahstukwik, though this name does not occur in any documents, and 

 never came into use by Europeans. Beyond our present limits on the 

 Penobscot lived another very closely related tribe, the Penobscots.^ 



The limits between these tribes were well understood, and each in 

 the main kept to its own hunting grounds. Early writers and the pre- 

 sent statements of the Indians agree that each tribe was considered to 

 possess the entire river systems on which it lived, so that the boun- 

 daries came on the watersheds between the principal rivers. These 

 boundaries are shown thus drawn on the accompanying map. No. 12. 

 I have been told by Mark Paul, a chief of the Micmacs, that the boundary 

 between his tribe and the Maliseets reached the Bay of Fundy at Martins 

 Head. There is some reason for supposing that at the time of Cham- 



1 The relationship of these tribes, as given by their own traditions, is discussed 

 by M. Chamberlain in the New Brunsvs'ick Magazine, I., 41. 



