[ganongJ historic SITES IN NEW BRUNSWICK 231 



le bord du bassin de cette riviere un Fort fait de pieux assez gros, avec deux 

 formes de bastions, & dans lequel est sa cabanne & les autres sauvages cab- 

 annent autour de luy." The fort is mentioned also in 1688 by St. Valier. The 

 local tradition is that this village was on Indian Island, just inside the entrance 

 to the harbour on the south. It is, however, possible that it stood on the pres- 

 ent site of the town, and that the Indian Island settlement was later. The 

 present Indian Island settlement is on the mainland, opposite the island. 



Some charts mark an Indian Village on the south side of the river, below 

 Kingston, and there is now a large Indian settlement on a reservation at 

 Molus River, known as Big Cove. There must have been many other 

 important villages in this district. 



5. The Miramichi District. 



A.— Clearwater. An ancient camping ground at the mouth of this stream is 

 mentioned by Bailey in his " Relics of the Stone-Age " (p. 6). Mr. Wm. 

 Mclnnes, of the Canadian Geological Survey, who has examined the place, 

 writes me as follows about it : " In the angle on the left bank of these streams 

 there were to be seen some interesting remains of old defence works, con- 

 sisting of a cellar-like excavation with elevated rim towards the Miramichi, 

 and several smaller shelters of heaped-up large boulders extending down thé 

 bank of the river at intervals of fifty yards or so from one another, each 

 capable of concealing two or three men only. There was a mound also about 

 five feet high by eight in diameter, which, through want of any tools, we 

 were unable to properly examine. On the opposite bank of the Clearwater 

 I dug up one large spear-head with several broken arrow-heads of quartz or 

 jasper. These were lying in a stratum of soil and ashes about ten inches 

 below the present surface. All through this layer of ashes, etc., were to be 

 found chips and broken angular pieces of the red jasper. ' ' The same locality 

 has been described for me by Mr. John Hayes, of Hayesville, as follows : 

 " At the mouth of the Clearwater . . . is an old camping ground. There 

 have been holes dug in the ground from ten to fifteen feet across, and about 

 six feet deep. I helped to dig some of these holes out, and found a number 

 of stone axes and lots of stone arrow-heads, whose colour is dark red or white. 

 These holes are nearly filled with leaves and other stuff that has collected in 

 them, but one can tell where they are quite easily. They have all been 

 walled up from the bottom with rough stone." It is plain that a most 

 interesting locality here awaits thorough investigation. 



At the Forks, mouth of Cains River, Indian relics have been found, and 

 the locality is most favourable for a camping-ground. 



B.— Indiantown, at the mouth of the Renous. Probably an old settlement, 

 though I have found no special reference to it. There is a reserve, not now 

 occupied, on the Renous. 



Several branches of the Miramichi are named for Indians who lived on 

 them, probably at their mouths. Such are Cains, Taxis, Renous, Bartholo- 

 mews, Baniabys, Bartibog. (See Place-Nomenclature, page 189.) 



C— Chalmers, in his Geological Report for 1887, N 31, mentions an old camp-site a 

 few miles above Derbj' Junction. 



D. — Red Bank. This a large settlement on a reservation, and probably an ancient 

 site. It is probably the "old Indian Town " mentioned in 1801 in Coll. N. B. 



Sec. II., 1899. 16. 



