272 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



in Carletnn, wlit-ix* tluTc are traditions (jf Kn-ncli ^anU'iiî- found by the 

 early settlers', wliicli are probably the same as those shown upon Bruce's map 

 of the harbour of 17(>I (see Map No. liT). There is also a tradition of aFrencli 

 burial i)lace at the barracks, St. John. 



On the Fort Howe liidge is an old well, locally willed the French well, 

 and mentioned as such in Kelehcr's Field-book of 1H48. He mentions also, 

 and marks on his maps, the remains of an old French block-house on 

 tlu' ridge, but probably this is an error, a,s there is no other evidence of a 

 scttlcHKiit lien-, and the situation is a very improbable one. 

 J.— French Village, Hammond River. The oiigin of the village is uncertain. 

 The Sieur de Breuil had here a Seigniory in ](iS9, and it is possible that the 

 village was founded by him ; but it is much more probable, since it is not given 

 on early maps, that it was one of those formed by the Acadians after the ex- 

 pulsion. This is confirmed by a statement of ]\Iunro in 1783, who says of 

 it: "Sir Andrew [Snape Hamond] has a valuable tract of good Interval 

 and upland which includes a French settlement of fifteen families who have 

 been settled there fifteen years previous to his grant." As the grant referred 

 to was made in 17S2, the settlement would have been ftirmed in 1707. 

 According to Allison [p. 4] the Acadians took out grants about 17S7, but soon 

 after sold out and moved away, probably to Madawaska (But see Archives, 

 1S9Ô, N.B. 13). The site of the settlement is marked on all the later maps. 



Passing next to tradition, in this case well sustained by the testimony 

 of place-names, there are said to have been settlers about French Lake, 

 north of Maxiuapit, particularly on the island and on the eastern shore near 

 the passage, and about French Lake on the Oromocto, and the testimony 

 of the place-name, French Lake, leaves little doubt that this is correct. It 

 is possible that these settlements were later than the other Acadian settle- 

 ments on the river ; and since they are retired places not easily reached by 

 the English vessels, the French may have settled on them after they were 

 driven off the main river by Monckton's expedition of 1758. They are said 

 also to have lived at Swan Creek, and about the outlet of Lilly Lake St. 

 John, where cellars and roads made by them are said to have been recog- 

 nized by the early settlers. 



On Mitchell's map of 1755 a " Village of Acadians" is placed on the 

 present Salmon Kiver emptying into Grand Lake, but this is probably 

 an error, as there is no other record of its existence. 



The modern Acadian settlements on the river are entirely at ^lada- 

 waska. Licenses of occupation, later followed by grants, were given to 

 them shortly after the coming of the Loyalists, and here this much- 

 persecuted people have since lived in peace, unless the transference of half 

 of them to the United States by the Asliburton treaty of 1842, without 

 asking their leave, may be regarded as an exception. 



There are traditions that the French also had dikes at l)ipper Harbor, 

 Musquash Harbor, and on Quiddy Kiver at Martins Head. The French- 

 mans Creek at Musquash does not mark a settlement, but according to 

 Gesner, a place of retreat f>f a French shij), i)robably that mentioned in 

 Quebec Ms. IL 152. 



