280 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



Lefebvro," are the only ones in all Acadia in which the Acadians now 

 occupy lands on which they were settled before the expulsion. 



As to the exact sites of their settlements we have the evidence of 

 maps, of which many were made to illustrate the militaiy operations of 

 1751-1755, of Franquet's detailed report of 1152, and traditions. The 

 earlier settlements were no doubt in the immediate vicinity of the present 

 Fort Cumberland and P'ort Lawrence, but gradually they spread to other 

 places. The Acadians tended to settle not far from the churches, of 

 which it is known there was one at each of these places. Both settle- 

 ments and single farm houses were placed (as the numerous cellars still 

 visible show), close to the marshes on the edges of the low ridges in which 

 that region abounds, while their farms were on the marshes themselves, 

 reclaimed by dykes from the sea. The principal settlements in 1752, 

 according to Franquet's report, were at Baie Verte, Wesha, (Westcock), 

 LaCoup, Le Lac, Tintamarre, and also at Memnacouk (Memramcook), 

 CMpoudy (Shepody), and Peccoukac (Petitcodiac). 



A.— Beauséjour. The map of the Isthmus in Mante's History, belonging really 

 to 1755, sliows French houses in several places along the edge of the Fort 

 Cumberland Ridge, and also on the eastern end of Cole's Island. The cliurch 

 is here clearly shown near the fort, and tradition assigns to it a position near 

 the eastern road along the ridge, west of the trenches, where its position 

 is still pointed out.^ (Map No. 44. ) The church is yet more clearly shown 

 on the map in the " Mémoires sur le Canada," which shows also a village 

 on the same slope and this inscription : " Aboiteau du L'Abbé Le Loutre." 

 It is known that this Aboideau, (i.e. a dam across a tidal river containing a 

 sluice-way so arranged with a valve as to allow the fresh water to drain off 

 and not allow the salt water to enter), was built across the Aulac river, a 

 short distance (about two hundred yards) above the present Aboideau, on 

 which the railroad and highway cross the river. 



There are some localities of importance near Fort Beauséjour (Cumber- 

 land), as shown on Map No. 44. The " Holy Well," a fine spring, was not 

 far from the church, and is said locally to take its name from the use of its 

 water for holy water. Le Loutre's house is believed to have stood near. 

 The old French burial-ground is said to have been where the later graveyard 

 (Map No. 44) is. 



Old cellars, believed to be French, were visible until recently upon 

 Tonge.s Island, particularly towards its southern end. It is probable that 

 here was the residence of La \'allière, Seignior of Beaubassin, for the island 

 long bore Ihs name. 



B. — Westcock. Several houses are shown here on the Mante map, evidently on 

 the margin of the upland near the present site of the village, and towards 

 Sackville. It is marked on most of tlie maps of the time. 



C. — Le Lac. As shown by the French plan of 177!» (really 1755) this village stood 

 near the head of the present AuLac river, apparently on Jolicure ridge 



' One may locate Uiis site thus : — If one gtands at the lower western anplc of the English trenches 

 and looks across just to the left of Shepody Mountain, he is lookin» over the site; and if he advances 

 48 paces in that direction he will stand about in the middle of the site of the church. 



