322 KOYAL SOCIETY OK CANADA 



of the other hirgo grants to smaller associations and to individuals, how- 

 ever, settlers were brought and conditions fulfilled, so that the land is 

 held under those titles to this day. The best examples of this are Campo- 

 bello at Passamaquodd y, and Kemblc Manor and a part of Spryhampton, 

 on the St. John, but there were several others of lesser note as well. It 

 was, of course, expected that many of these grants would be settled like 

 the great estates in England, with tenants paying rent to the proprietors ; 

 and some of them were, of which Campobellois the best example, in which, 

 indeed, the tenant system persists to this day. In the case of the great 

 townships, however, where the proprietors were numerous, they were 

 probably actuated rather by a spirit of speculation, based on the belief 

 that these lands would advance immensely in value, and could then be sold 

 out at a large profit, lîut this expectation was never realized, and when 

 in 1783 the lands were needed for the Loyalists, there was no difficult}' in 

 securing the escheat of all the townships for non-fulHlment of comlilions, 

 and they were regranted to actual Loyalist settlers, as will presently be 

 described. It is rather a striking coincidence that these same lands which 

 the French Government attempted to settle upon the seigniorial system, 

 the Hritish Government attempted nearly a century later to settle upon 

 the tenant system, and that the attempt failed in both cases, though the 

 lands themselves are among the richest in America. Thus the great 

 townships on the St. John all became extinct, and even their names are 

 mostly forgotten, though some of them. Burton, Sunbury, Gagctown 

 persist as parishes or county. But would it not be well, as new names are 

 needed in those places, to revive again Francfort, Amesbury or Almeston, 

 Conn-ay, and even the names of smaller grants, such as Spryhampton, 

 Mount Pawlett, Heatonville, Morrisania f In Westmorland, though 

 Monckton, Hillsborowjh and Hopewell were escheated, the names persist ; 

 in this county the old townships of Nova Scotia all became parishes in 

 New Brunswick. The old townships produced, however, one ettect which 

 still lasts; their boundaries in many cases became parish, and even county 

 lines, particularly in Westmorland, and in many cases these boundaries 

 have persisted through all subsequent changes. 



The settlements and land grants of this period are shown on the 

 accompanying map No. 45, on which those whose locations are not 

 certainly known to me are in dotted lines. One will bo struck at once 

 with the fact that both settlements and grants of this period coincide 

 remai-kably with those of the preceding Acadian period. There is, of 

 course, no genetic connection between the two, but the coincidence is due 

 to independent adaptation to a similar environient, — it is the nature of the 

 country that determines where the settlements wore in the two cases. A 

 second feature is the much larger settlomont of the Passamaquoddy and St. 

 John and Cumberland region in comparison with the North Shore, which 

 in (his period received hardly any settlers at all, and those mostly from 



