[ganong] historic SITES IN Nl.W BRU^"SWICK 323 



England. This fact is partly explained by the superior quality of the 

 land on the St. John and at Cumberland, and of the fishery at Passama- 

 quoddy, but a far more important cause is found in geographical condi- 

 tions. Since all travel was by water, and most of the settlers were from 

 New EngJand, the far distant North Shore naturally received but few of 

 them. A third striking fact is the importance of the rivers and harbours 

 in influencing settlement; none of those in this period were away from 

 the margin of waters navigable by small vessels. 



A. Settlements and Forts. 



1. The Passamaquoddy District. 



The history of the settlements of this period in this district has been 

 so fully written in the " Courier Series," and in the two j^apers on Cam- 

 pobello in the Collections of the New Brunswick Historical Society that 

 the very briefest reference is all that is necessary here, and the facts given 

 below are to be understood as derived from these two sources. The 

 period began with the visits of New England fishermen and traders soon 

 after 1760, and except for the Owen colony, all were from New England. 

 The first permanent settler was Alexander Hodges at Pleasant Point in 

 1763 ; others came from time to time to different points, and a great 

 accession was made in the Owen colon}' on Campobcllo in 1770. The settlers 

 gradually, but very slowly, increased in numbers until the coming of the 

 Loyalists in 1783, With the exception of the Campobello colony and one 

 or two others, however, the settlers were all squatters to whose fancied 

 rights the Loyalists paid scant regard. 



A. — At St. Stephen, Fishermen had a camp here as early as 1760, and when the 

 Loyalists came in 1784 they found nine families on the site of St. Stephen 

 scattered along the river front. A full account of them and their exact loca- 

 tions is in the Courier Series. 



Bo — At St. Andrews. In 1770 two settlers established themselves near the public 

 landing at St. Andrews, and others cam.e later. The name St. Andrews was 

 used at least as early as 1765, and belongs perhaps to the Acadian period. 



C. — Digdeguash. Joseph Curry settled at the mouth of this river soon after 1770. 



D. — Deer Island. In 1770 Captain Ferrel established himself at Chocolate Cove, 

 after buying the Island from its original grantee ; other settlers came later. 



E.— Pleasant Point. The first settler came in 176.3, and others later. This was 

 proljably the earliest permanent English settlement in this district. 



F. — Indian Island. James Boyd settled here in 1763, and others later. This 

 island became an important trading post, and was known also as Fish Island 

 or Perkins Island. All the early settlers appear to have occupied the southern 

 end of the island. Marvel Island, connected with it on the south, was prob- 

 ably the site of Simonds' and "White's trading post of 1763-1770. 



G. — Moose Island. Settlement was begim here about 1772. 



H. — Campobello. On this island were two important settlements. Robert "Wilson 

 with others settled at "W^ilson's Beach in 1766, buying out one predecessor. 



