328 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



irom a single article in llic St. Jolin Sun, refbnvd to below. It is f^stonish- 

 \ng that 80 important and interesting a field has remained so long nearly 

 un worked. 



The period really be-rins for this district with the capture of Fort 

 Beauséjour from the French in 1755, but actual settlement did not begin 

 until the Ehode Islanders settled on the Tantramar in 17G1. In 1763 

 some families of Pennsylvania Germans settled on the Shepod}- and Petit- 

 codiac. Especially important was the arrival, in 1772, of several families 

 from Yorkshire, England, who settled the rich lands about Amherst, Fort 

 Cumberland and Sackville, forming one of the most valuable additions 

 ever made to the population of this Province. This region was, there- 

 fore, fairlj' well settled when the Loyalists arrived, and in consequence 

 has less of the Loyalist clement than any other important part of New 

 Brunswick. 



A.— Sackville. According to Mr. ^Slilner (in the " Chignecto Post," anniversary 

 number, Sept. 1895), and Iluling (The Rhode Island Emigration to Nova 

 Scotia, 1889) some twenty-five fainiles from Khode Island settled here in 

 1761. Other settlers came later, including .=ome thirteen members of a 

 Baptist church from Swansea, Mass. The grant of Sackville of 1765 gives a 

 full list of the settlers, and its later history is traced by IMr. Milner. 

 B. — Cumberland Township. (For location see map No. 45). This included the 

 Fort C'uiiilterland and Fort Lawrence Ridges, and here the Yorkshire set- 

 tlers who arrived in 1772, and later, bought land which their descendants 

 occupy to this day. 

 C.— Petitcodiac. In 17():î several families of German descent from Pennsylvania, 

 ancestors of the leading families of Albert County, arrived at the Petitcodiac, 

 settled on the site of Hillsborough and Surrey, and formed the begin- 

 ning of the permanent settlement of that region. They increased in numbers 

 and appear to have sent a branch to the Shepody river, for, as is said locally, 

 Germantown Lake and the stream still called German Creek must have 

 taken their origin from some such settlement. But the whole subject of the 

 history of this important colony has not been written, except in a newspaper 

 article by Judge Botsford, in the " Chignecto Post" of January 14, 1886. It 

 is also stated that there were three log houses on the site of Moncton when 

 the Loyalists arrived in 1783, but no other settlements on this river are 

 positively known. Several references to these settlements occur in Black's 

 and Alline's Journals of 1781 and 1782. 



No settlement of this period is known to me on the Memramcook, aside, of 

 course, from that of the Acadians who were permitted to settle there in 1767. 

 No new forts were built in this district in this period, though Fort 

 Cumberland, earlier Beauséjour, was garrisoned through most of the period. 

 After it was captured by the English it was altered somewhat, and improved 

 by the erection of outworks, a special magazine, etc. (Archives, 1884. xlvii.) 

 With its surroundings, it is shown on the accompanying map No. 44, which 

 is based partly upon a plan in the Crown T^and oltice, and partly upon 

 measurements by the author. The trenches, mortar battery sites, outworks, 

 etc., are still all plainly to be seen, as shown on the map. 



1 In coin))iiring tlic fort on this nin]), No. 44, with thut of Ueaus6jour, on ina]! No. 'Jf-, the corr^'- 

 ■ ;)oniling jiositiong may be fouiiil from tlio comi)U3S lim-g. 



