[o'jiRiEN] CABOT'ri LANDFALL AND CHART 439 



Bishops from all parts were lassembled. Communication was frequent 

 between the J'ope and the varions places where Christianity existed. 

 In the Presidential Address it was .pointed out how well known Green- 

 land had been from the eleventh century, that 'a Papal Legate had pro- 

 bably gone thither in the twelfth. In 1177, Alexander III. sent a 

 legate to the Grand Khan ; in 1215, Innocent IV. sent two missionaries 

 to the' Tartars. In 1271, Gregory X. sent missionaries to Chi Tsou, Em- 

 peror of China, by whom they we're well received. In 1257, missionaries 

 of the Order of St. Dominic were sent to Thibet and others to northern 

 China or Cathay. In 1314, Clement V. appointed a Franciscan Father, 

 Archbishop of Pekin. Another Franciscan succeeded him in 1330. 

 In 1311, Friar Odoric started on a missionary tour. Having embarked 

 on the Black Sea, he sailed for Trebizond, thence overland he passed 

 through grand Armenia, and on to Tauris and Sultania. He' pushed 

 on towards India and reached Ormus. He then went by ship to Mala- 

 bar, Cape Comorin, the islands Java and Ceylon. Had he been a nine- 

 teenth century Philistine instead of a zealous fourteenth century Friar, 

 the story of his travels and adventures would, no doubt, have been 

 fully blazoned abroad. In 1330, John XXII. sent the Pallium to John 

 de Core, Archbishop of Sultania (the seat of the Emperor of Persia) by 

 the Bishop of Colombo, Ceylon, and Thomas, Bishop of Seniscentia. 

 Both were suffragans of the Archbishop of Sultania. ]\Iany similar facts 

 might be mentioned ; but these, I think, will suffice to show that not- 

 withstanding Dr. Dawson's high opinion of his authorities, "the atten- 

 tive reader" is not likely to be as much "impressed" by the profundity 

 of their research as he imagines. The "attentive reader" will realize 

 the need of a safer guide in threading the mazes of past history, and will 

 doubtless conclude that since so much intercourse was kept up between 

 nations far apart, the general knowledge of geography could not have 

 been so very vague and childlike. 



The second objection to be answered is that the' Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence was not opened up until 1534, and I am challenged to produce a 

 map prior to that date on which it is shown. I might say Dr. Dawson 

 has saved me the trouble, he himself has produced two, Verazz'ano's and 

 Maggiolo's. Mr. Beazley, in his "John and Sebastian Cabot," referred 

 to a portolano of 1508, lately acquired by the British Museum, which 

 showed the Gulf of St. Lawrence as a great inland sea. I have secured 

 a photographic copy of the part which shows the new world, and as 

 can be seen at a glance, all Dr. Dawson's maps and contentions based 

 thereon, are; not merely "'waived aside," they are very effectively con- 

 futed. The map is reproduced herewith. (Fig. 2.) The Gulf is very 



