{s. E. DAWSON] THE LINES OF DEMARCATION S39 



terras et insulas per eos actualiter non possessas pro infectis haberi volumus, 

 necnon omnibus illis quae in litteris prsedictis voluimus non obstare, cete- 

 risque contrariis quibuscunque. 



Datum Romee, apud sanctum Petrum, anno incarnatiouis dominicse mil- 

 lesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo tertio. Sexto kalendas octobris, pontl- 

 ficatus nostri anno secundo. 



TRANSLATION. 



Alexander, Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God, to the illustrious 

 sovereigns, his very dear son in Christ Ferdinand, the king, and to his very 

 dear daughter in Christ, Isabella, the queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon and 

 Granada — Health and apostolic benediction. 



Whereas, a while ago, we, of our mere will, certain knowledge and in 

 the fulness of our apostolic power, gave, conceded and assigned, in perpetuity, 

 to you and your heirs and successors, the kings of Castile and Leon, all and 

 singular the islands and mainlands discovered or to be discovered, towards 

 the west and south, which were not under the actual temporal dominion of 

 some Christian master; with these we invest you and your heirs and suc- 

 cessors aforesaid; and we have constituted and appointed you as lords of 

 those regions, with full, free and entire power, authority and jurisdiction, as 

 set forth more fully in our letters drawn up for that purpose; the purport of 

 which letters we ordain to be held as completely expressed as if they were 

 recited in these present letters, word for word. 



Since, moreover, it may happen that your emissaries, captains, or vas- 

 .sals, when sailing towards the west and south, may turn towards the eastern 

 regions and find islands and mainlands which are, or were, to that quarter 

 pertaining ; wishing to follow up our gracious favours to you by similar 

 favours, we, of our will, knowledge and fulness of apostolic power, equally 

 extend and enlarge, with apostolic authority, by the tenor of these presents, 

 in everything and in all respects, the same as if in the aforesaid letters full 

 and express mention had been made of them, the donation, concession, assign- 

 ment and letters aforesaid, with all and singular the clauses contained in the 

 same letters, to apply to all and singular the islands and mainlands found 

 and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, which in sailing or jour- 

 neying in this manner towards the west or south may be, or shall be, or shall 

 appear, whether they actually are in western or in southern and eastern 

 regions or in India. 



Granting to you and to your heirs and successors aforesaid, the full and 

 free faculty of taking and perpetually holding, freely of your own authority, 

 by yourselves or by another or others, bodily possession of the aforesaid 

 islands and lands, and also of defending them against all persons who may 

 obstruct; and most strictly prohibiting all persons soever, even of any dignity 

 soever, or status, rank, order, or condition, under penalty of excommunication 

 (latse sententise) which transgressors by the veiT act will incur, from pre- 

 suming to go, or send, to the said part, to navigate, fish, or seek out islands 

 or mainlands, under any pretext, without the special and express license of 

 you and your aforesaid heirs. 



Notwithstanding constitutions and apostolic ordinances and any dona- 

 tions, concessions, faculties and assignments, made by ourselves or our pre- 

 decessors to all persons whomsover; to kings or princes, to persons of royal 

 houses (infantibus), or any other persons, to regular orders and to military 

 orders, for the aforesaid regions, seas, islands and lands or for any part of 

 them, without regard to the causes of the grant, even if for objects of piety, 

 or of religion, or of redeeming captives or to other causes of the most urgent 

 nature, and with clauses of whatever kind, even derogations of derogations 

 the strongest most efficacious and unusual, and containing judgments, cen- 

 sures and penalties of any kind which have not come into effect by means of 

 actual and real possession, even supposing that, at some time, those to whom 

 donations and concessions of this nature have been made or their emissaries 

 may have sailed there. 



